Dengue is a global health problem. Community participation plays a crucial role in the prevention and control of dengue. This systematic review aims to examine the benefits and barriers of community participation in controlling dengue fever. Searching several journal databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, ProQuest, and Web of Science from 2013 to 2023. Various activities involving community participation in controlling dengue fever have proven to be beneficial, such as reducing vector density and increasing knowledge, attitudes and behavior regarding dengue fever control in the community. Various barriers in increasing community participation in dengue control include individual factors, community factors and Societal factors. It is important to develop programs that consistently involve the community in the prevention and control of dengue fever, as well as overcome barriers that may influence community involvement in the prevention and control of dengue fever.

Fine particulate matter is one of the atmospheric contaminants that exist in the atmosphere. The purpose of this study is to evaluate spatial–temporal changes in PM_2.5 concentrations in the central and south zones of Peninsular Malaysia from 2019 to 2020. The study area involves twenty-one monitoring stations in the central and south zones of Peninsular Malaysia, using monthly and annual means of PM_2.5 concentrations. The spatial autocorrelation of PM_2.5 is calculated using Moran’s I, while three semi-variogram models are used to measure the spatial variability of PM_2.5. Three kriging methods, ordinary kriging (OK), simple kriging (SK), and universal kriging (UK), were used for interpolation and comparison. The results showed that the Gaussian model was more appropriate for the central zone (MSE = 14.76) in 2019, while the stable model was more suitable in 2020 (MSE = 19.83). In addition, the stable model is more appropriate for both 2019 (MSE = 12.68) and 2020 (8.87) for the south zone. Based on the performance indicator, universal kriging was chosen as the best interpolation method in 2019 and 2020 for both the central and south zone. In conclusion, the findings provide a complete map of the variations in PM_2.5 for two different zones, and show that interpolation methods such as universal kriging are beneficial and could be extended to the investigation of air pollution distributions in other areas of Peninsular Malaysia.

Introduction: The purpose of the study was to analyze the risk factors of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children under five in Indonesia and the Philippines and to implement a primary review of the characteristics of toddlers and their households in both countries. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2017 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of Indonesia and the Philippines. The characteristics of children, mothers, and households were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to examine the significant correlations between variables. Results: The percentage of children under five with ARI symptoms in 2017 was 1.51% in the Philippines and 4.22% in Indonesia. In Indonesia, males aged under one year had significantly lower occurrences of ARI symptoms (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.36–0.82). In the Philippines, dirty cooking fuels had a significant effect on increasing the likelihood of ARI in female toddlers (OR 4.01, 95% CI 1.02–15.83). In the Philippines, the unavailability of toilet facilities had a significant effect on increasing the likelihood of ARI in male toddlers (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.15–6.16). Conclusion: The comparison of risk factors between male and female toddlers revealed different results in some variables, as follows: children aged under one year, dirty cooking fuels, and unavailable toilet facilities. The role of parents is fundamental in taking care of female toddlers, since they are more exposed to ARI at the age of under one year and are more prone to indoor air pollution from solid cooking fuels.

The lungs function as the organs responsible for the respiratory system and they are essential for breathing, where any dysfunction can impair the respiratory processes. Pulmonary fibrosis is a lung disease that progresses slowly and is not contagious. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of airborne microplastic exposure on the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β cytokines, and on fibroblast cell formation in Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain rats. This research was a quantitative analytical study with a laboratory experimental approach that used experimental animals as research subjects. The research design was a true experimental design with a randomized posttest-only group design. The research was conducted at the molecular level, and the indicators measured were molecular biomarkers. This design involved dividing the experimental animals into six groups: a control group (X0) and five treatment groups (X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5), which received doses of 0.025, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/L, respectively. Biomarkers and microscopic changes were then measured after 90 days of treatment. In Wistar rats, microplastic exposure significantly increased the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β cytokines, which play an important role in the early phase of the inflammatory response in the lungs, as well as the formation of fibroblast cells as indicators of pulmonary fibrosis. Subchronic inhalation exposure to polyethylene microplastics significantly increased the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β cytokines, and the formation of fibroblast cells, leading to pulmonary fibrosis.

Introduction: Leprosy was caused by Mycobacterium leprae infection which attacks the peripheral nerves and human skin. A total of 39 cases of leprosy occurred in 2018 at the Talango Health Center and became the highest prevalence in Sumenep Regency each year. Multibacillary leprosy dominates in 76.92% of cases. This study aims to analyze the influence of physical environment factors of the home namely temperature, humidity, ventilation, occupancy density, natural lighting, wall types, and floor types on the incidence of leprosy in Talango Health Center. Method: This type of research was observational analytic with a case-control research design. The respondent chosen was 25 cases and 25 controls, taken using simple random sampling. Data were collected through observation sheets which included measurements of temperature, humidity, ventilation, occupancy density, natural lighting observations, types of walls and floors. Data analysis using a chi-square test. Result and Discussion: The results of this study indicate that there was a significant correlation of ventilation variables (p = 0,03) and natural lighting (p = 0,04), whereas in the temperature (p = 1,00), humidity (p = 0,48), occupancy density (p = 1,00), wall type (p = 1,00), and floor type (p = 1,00) found no significant correlation. The physical environment of the house has not received special attention from the local community. As long as they were still comfortable living with these conditions there was no need to take any action. Conclusion: The community needs to be increased awareness by counseling and increasing knowledge of the dangers of the physical environment of the house that were not properly maintained at minimum health standards.

Dengue fever, caused by a virus transmitted through Aedes mosquitoes, has become a major health issue in South and Southeast Asia. This review explores various preventive and control interventions for dengue implemented in South and Southeast Asia, the challenges faced, and recommendations to enhance the sustainability and effectiveness of these control efforts. The scoping review was conducted by searching articles published between 2014 and 2024 through databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and ProQuest. A total of 1599 studies were identified, and 25 articles were eventually analyzed. The findings indicate various intervention approaches in both regions. Key challenges identified in this review include community engagement and participation, resource, logistics, and data management issues, public perceptions and knowledge, control methods and evaluation of effectiveness, and social and economic issues. These challenges hinder the effectiveness of interventions. Recommendations to strengthen future interventions include: enhancing community involvement through continuous training, improving monitoring and evaluation with technology-based solutions, and expanding the use of technologies like Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes and spatial repellents. Expanding public awareness campaigns, strengthening school and community-based education, and improving training for health workers are also essential. Lastly, adopting a combined approach is crucial for achieving more effective and sustainable results in dengue prevention.