In IoT environment applications generate continuous non-stationary data streams with in-built problems of concept drift and class imbalance which cause classifier performance degradation. The imbalanced data affects the classifier during concept detection and concept adaptation. In general, for concept detection, a separate mechanism is added in parallel with the classifier to detect the concept drift called a drift detector. For concept adaptation, the classifier updates itself or trains a new classifier to replace the older one. In case, the data stream faces a class imbalance issue, the classifier may not properly adapt to the latest concept. In this survey, we study how the existing work addresses the issues of class imbalance and concept drift while learning from nonstationarydata streams. We further highlight the limitation of existing work and challenges caused by other factors of class imbalance alongwith concept drift in data stream classification. Results of our survey found that, out of 1110 studies, by using our inclusion and exclusion criteria, we were able to narrow the pool of articles down to 35 that directly addressed our study objectives. The study found that issues such as multiple concept drift types, dynamic class imbalance ratio, and multi-class imbalance in presence of concept drift are still open for further research. We also observed that, while major research efforts have been dedicated to resolving concept drift and class imbalance, not much attention has been given to with-in-class imbalance, rear examples, and borderline instances when they exist with concept drift in multi-class data. This paper concludes with some suggested future directions.

Towards tackling the phenomenon of textual information overload that is exponentially pumping with redundancy over the Internet, this paper investigates a solution depending on the Automatic Text Summarization (ATS) method. The idea of ATS is to assist, e.g., online readers, in getting a simplified version of texts for preserving their time/effort required to skim a given large body of text. However, ATS is deemed as one of the most complex NLP applications, particularly for the Arabic language that has not been intelligently developed like the other Indo-European languages. Thus, we present an extractive-based summarizer (ArDBertSum) for text written in Arabic, relying on the DistilBERT model. Besides, we propose a domain-specific sentence-clauses segmentater (SCSAR) to support our ArDBertSum in further shortening long/complex sentences. The results of our experiments illustrate that our ArDBertSum yields the best performance, compared with non-heuristic Arabic summarizers, in producing an acceptable quality of candidate summaries. These experiments have been conducted on EASC-dataset (along with our proposed dataset) to report on (1) a statistical evaluation utilizing ROUGE metrics and (2) a specific human-based evaluation. The human evaluation results revealed promising perceptions; however, further works are needed to ameliorate the coherence and punctuation of the automatic summaries.

Developing systems for interpreting visuals, such as images, videos is really challenging but important task to be developed and applied on benchmark datasets. This study solves the very challenge by using STN-OCR model consisting of deep neural networks (DNN) and Spatial Transformer Networks (STNs). The network architecture of this study consists of two stages: localization network and recognition network. In the localization network it finds and localizes text regions and generates sampling grid. Whereas, in the recognition network, text regions will be input and then this network learns to recognize text including low resolution, curved and multi-oriented text. Deep learning-based approaches require a lot of data for training effectively, therefore, this study has used two benchmark datasets, Street View House Numbers (SVHN) and International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR) 2015 to evaluate the system. The STN-OCR model achieves better results than literature on these datasets.

The increased computational needs in many sectors place huge demands on cloud computing. Power consumption and resource pool capacity are two of the challenges faced by the next generation of high performance computing (HPC). This paper aims at minimising the computing-energy consumption in decentralised multi-cloud systems using Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) when scheduling dependent HPC tasks under deadline constraints. We propose an energy-aware scheduling algorithm EAGS. To demonstrate the efficiency of our algorithm EAGS, we compare it with the Cloud min-min Scheduling (CMMS) algorithm in different experiments. The simulation results show that our algorithm can produce energy consumption lower than CMMS by an average of 63.9%.

In social networking platforms, comprehending vi-rality, exemplified by YouTube, is of great importance, which helps in understanding what characteristics utilised to create content along with what dynamics involved in contributing to YouTube’s strength as a platform for sharing content. The current literature surrounding virality problem appears sparse concern-ing development theories, investigations regarding empirical facts, and an understanding of what makes videos go viral. The over-arching objective is to understand deeply the phenomena of viral YouTube videos in Saudi Arabia, hence we propose an intelligent convergent parallel mixed-methods approach that begins, as an internal step, by a qualitative thematic analyses method and an NLP-based quantitative method independently, followed by training an unsupervised clustering model for integrating the internal analysis outputs for deeper insights. We have empirically analysed some trended YouTube videos along with their contents, for studying such phenomena. One of our main findings revealed that boosting entertainments, traditions, politics, and/or religion issues when making a video, that is associated in somehow with sarcastic or rude remarks, is likely the preeminent impulse for letting a regular video go viral.

Simplifying Arabic text remains a significant challenge in the field of Natural Language Understanding (NLU), making it difficult for current models to perform well. Recent studies have focused on simplifying texts with complex language structures to improve readability for both human users and other Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. This study addresses the challenge in the context of low-resource Arabic NLP by introducing a split-and-rephrase approach using a sequence-to-sequence switch transformer model, called ATSimST. Experiments using the ATSC dataset show that ATSimST performs better than existing advanced text generation models for Arabic. The improvements in SARI, BLEU, METEOR, and ROUGE scores demonstrate that ATSimST produces high-quality simplifications that are both semantically accurate and similar to human-written texts. These results confirm the model’s effectiveness and highlight its potential to significantly advance Arabic text simplification.