The Internet of Things (IoT) has dramatically changed human context with the environment, ensuring productivity, comfort, and quality of life through a variety of services and applications. Nevertheless, the rapid growth of IoT devices has introduced significant security concerns like device vulnerabilities, unauthorized access, and potential data breaches.This article deals with an immediate call to empower IoT resilience against a wide range of sophisticated and prevalent cybersecurity threats. We developed two novel hybrid deep learning mechanisms, CNN-GRU (Convolutional Gated Recurrent Neural Networks) and CNN-LSTM (Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory Neural Networks), and extensively evaluated their performance on the state-of-the-art Kitsune and TON-IoT publicly available datasets. These benchmark datasets contain a variety of multivariate IoT attacks. The aim is to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed algorithms in effectively identifying telnet, password, distributed denial of service (DDoS), injection, and backdoor vulnerabilities in IoT ecosystems. We achieved approximately 99.6% accuracy in correctly distinguishing between malevolent and non-malicious activities on the Kitsune dataset. Additionally, the TON-IoT dataset demonstrated a remarkable accuracy rate of 99.00%, with minimal drops and low false alert rates. The time efficiency of both proposed algorithms renders them well-suited for deployment in IoT ecosystems. We evaluated and cross validated the proposed techniques with current benchmarks. Consequently, the proposed hybrid deep learning anomaly detection approaches not only enhance IoT security but also provide a robust control system for addressing emerging multivariate cyber threats.

The rapid expansion of the Web of Things (WoT) and the Internet of Things (IoT) has raised security issues, with Denial of Service (DoS) attacks becoming increasingly prevalent. So, the aim of this study is to identify the security concerns in the four architectural layers of the Web of Things, particularly DoS attacks. For this study, existing literature are identified using search queries, and approximately 80 of relevant primary papers published in the recent decade are obtained after a thorough review which helps in addressing our research questions. After finding the relevant primary studies, we applied strict quality evaluation criteria to verify that all studies are evaluated. In addition, a taxonomy of deep learning (DL) techniques is presented on the basis of literature analysis conducted in this research, which is then used to characterize the various security concerns that occur in IoT and WoT systems. The study also examines which DL approaches are used to detect DoS/DDoS attacks in IoT and WoT. Our findings indicate that the optimal form of Intrusion Detection System (IDS) for dealing with DoS attacks is a hybrid IDS, which uses both the signature-based and the anomaly-based IDS. Moreover, DL techniques such as, CNNs and LSTMs, produced excellent results but are still in the development stage in terms of scalability and practical use. This review further highlights the present state of security mechanisms and sets the basis for future research, with an emphasis on refining DL-based techniques and improving the scalability and adaptability of security systems for WoT networks.

Most companies nowadays are using digital platforms for the recruitment of new employees to make the hiring process easier. The rapid increase in the use of online platforms for job posting has resulted in fraudulent advertising. The scammers are making money through fraudulent job postings. Online recruitment fraud has emerged as an important issue in cybercrime. Therefore, it is necessary to detect fake job postings to get rid of online job scams. In recent studies, traditional machine learning and deep learning algorithms have been implemented to detect fake job postings; this research aims to use two transformer-based deep learning models, i.e., Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and Robustly Optimized BERT-Pretraining Approach (RoBERTa) to detect fake job postings precisely. In this research, a novel dataset of fake job postings is proposed, formed by the combination of job postings from three different sources. Existing benchmark datasets are outdated and limited due to knowledge of specific job postings, which limits the existing models’ capability in detecting fraudulent jobs. Hence, we extend it with the latest job postings. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) highlights the class imbalance problem in detecting fake jobs, which tends the model to act aggressively toward the minority class. Responding to overcome this problem, the work at hand implements ten top-performing Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) variants. The models’ performances balanced by each SMOTE variant are analyzed and compared. All implemented approaches are performed competitively. However, BERT+SMOBD SMOTE achieved the highest balanced accuracy and recall of about 90%.

Advancement of the Internet has increased security risks associated with data protection and online shopping. Several techniques compromise Internet security, including hacking, SQL injection, phishing attacks, and DNS tunneling. Phishing attacks are particularly significant among web phishing techniques. In a phishing attack, the attacker creates a fake website that closely resembles a legitimate one to deceive users into providing sensitive information. These attacks can be detected using both traditional and modern AI-based models. However, even with state-of-the-art methods, accurately classifying newly emerged links as phishing or legitimate remains a challenge. This study conducts a comparative analysis of more than 130 articles published between 2020 and 2024, identifying challenges and gaps in the literature and comparing the findings of various authors. The novelty of this research lies in providing a roadmap for researchers, practitioners, and cybersecurity experts to navigate the landscape of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models for phishing detection. The study reviews traditional phishing detection methods, ML and DL models, phishing datasets, and the step-by-step phishing process. It highlights limitations, research gaps, weaknesses, and potential improvements. Accuracy measures are used to compare model performance. In conclusion, this research provides a comprehensive survey of website phishing detection using AI models, offering a new roadmap for future studies.