Current research focuses on a simple and effective green approach using Tamarix aphylla leaves as capping and reducing agent for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The synthesised Ag-NPs were characterised by UV–vis spectroscopy, FTIR, EDX, XRD and SEM analysis. The synthesis of Ag-NP was optimised by examining pH and temperature at different proportions of the reactant mixture. The UV–vis spectra displayed the optimised peak at 440 nm. The SEM image demonstrated the size of Ag-NP to be 20–60 nm and a shape close to spherical and poly dispersity. The XRD analysis manifested face-centred cubic symmetry with a size of 20–25 nm. FTIR analysis was performed to indicate the potential functionalities that may effectively stabilise Ag-NP. The synthesised Ag-NPs were screened for various biological assays.

Dye removal through photocatalytic degradation employing nanomaterials as catalysts is a growing research area. In current studies, photocatalytic alizarin red (AR) dye degradation has been investigated by designing a series of Cr based manganese oxide nanomaterials (MH1–MH5). Synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and photoluminescence techniques and were utilized for photocatalytic AR dye degradation under UV light. AR dye degradation was monitored by UV–visible spectroscopy and percent degradation was studied for the effect of time, catalyst dose, different dye concentrations, and different pH values of dye solution. All the catalysts have shown more than 80% dye degradation exhibiting good catalytic efficiencies for dye removal. The catalytic pathway was analyzed by applying the kinetic model. A pseudo second-order model was found the best fitted kinetic model indicating a chemically-rate controlled mechanism. Values of constant R² for all the factors studied were close to unity depicting a good correlation between experimental data.

In the current study, the possible outcome of gender difference and genotypic polymorphism of the ABCB1 gene encoding P-glycoprotein on the pharmacokinetics of azithromycin has been evaluated. An open-label, comparative pharmacokinetic study was done in healthy Pakistani volunteers (females (n = 8) and males (n = 8)). They were administered a single 500 mg oral dose of azithromycin. Blood samples (≈5 mL) were collected in heparinized tubes and the HPLC/MS/MS method was used to determine azithromycin plasma levels. ABCB1 polymorphism (single nucleotide polymorphisms) at C3435T, G26SST was performed using the RFLP–PCR method. The Student t test was applied to compare pharmacokinetic parameters of azithromycin between male and female human subjects (at 95% CI) using GraphPad Prism-8. A significant difference was observed in pharmacokinetic parameters between males and females, as C_max in males (230 ± 80.2 ng/mL) was significantly higher than in females (224.9 ± 75.5 ng/mL), while [ ] was also significantly higher (p < 0.05) in males (2102 ± 200.3 ng·h⁻¹·mL⁻¹) compared to females (1825.7 ± 225.4 ng·h⁻¹·mL^–1). There was a significant variation in C_max and AUC in three ABCB1 genotyping groups as well. Gender difference and ABCB1 gene polymorphisms have a significant impact on the pharmacokinetics of azithromycin, as they contribute to interindividual variability in therapeutic response.

Six new ferrocenyl guanidines were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and 1H and 13C NMR. Compounds 1–6 were screened for antioxidant, protein kinase inhibition, lethality of b