China has placed significant importance on the development of a circular economy and achievement of sustainable prosperity. It employs multiple fiscal and tax policies to facilitate clean production and improve resource efficiency by fostering corporate green innovation. Policy signalling boosts companies’ external funding, including debt and equity. As such, this research focuses on how government subsidies and tax incentives influence corporate green innovation efficiency, accounting for the mediating roles of debt financing and equity financing. Under the SBM model, we utilise the Luenberger index to quantify green innovation efficiency. In addition, the fixed-effect regression with 19,228 firm-year observations from 3549 firms between 2015 and 2021 is used. Based on empirical findings, government subsidies reduce green innovation efficiency, while tax incentives increase it. In addition, debt financing mediates the association between tax incentives and corporate green innovation efficiency. Furthermore, government subsidies and tax incentives play more significant roles in non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs) and for businesses in growing and mature stages than other listed firms. To improve access to external financing and green innovation efficiency, it is suggested that the government implement various government subsidies or tax incentives according to business characteristics, with each company applying policies customised to its specific circumstances.

Chemotherapeutics and biotherapeutics agents have been explored as a potential treatment for COVID-19. This study was aimed to elucidate latest update related to biotherapeutics and chemotherapeutics against COVID-19 and its variants as well as the product specifications and marketing dynamics of its pharmacotherapies. There are several chemotherapeutics that have been studied for the treatment of COVID-19, including Paxlovid (Nirmatrelvir & Ritonavir) fixed dose combination, nirmatrelvir and ritonavir fixed dose combination, Remdesivir (Vekulary/Covifor) fixed dose combination, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, molnupiravir, favipiravir, Infliximab (Remsima®) fixed dose combination tocilizumab (Actimera), casirivimab+imdevimab (Ronapreve) fixed dose combination, ivermectin, methylprednisole. These drugs have been repurposed for use in COVID-19 due to their antiviral properties and ability to reduce inflammation. The COVID-19 death cases have significantly reduced because of tested efficacy of advanced biotherapeutics and chemotherapeutics. As for marketing dynamics, the demand for chemotherapeutics for the treatment of COVID-19 has increased significantly since the outbreak of the pandemic. Hence, the prices of anti-viral and monoclonal antibodies in top COVID-19 affected countries is also presented here. Considering the molecular interactions, therapeutic activity, efficacy, and adverse effects, the USFDA and the WHO recommended the aforementioned drugs. The chances of approval seems favouring biotherapeutics as these have the best characteristics among the chemotherapeutics. Overall, this review contributes to the scientific understanding of the COVID-19. This can help to inform future research and development efforts and contribute to the overall advancement of knowledge in the field of medicine.

This paper explores the intricate relationship between leadership styles and employee happiness, presenting a comprehensive guide for leaders aiming to foster happiness in the workplace. Drawing upon theories of positive psychology and organizational behavior, we delve into the impact of leadership behaviors, such as empathy, support, and autonomy, on employee well-being and job satisfaction. This paper presents the main concepts and theories underpinning the research, including transformational leadership, inspirational, servant, autocratic and authentic leadership, to support the findings. This quantitative study involved 400 people from public sector companies, ranging in employment grades from 41 to 54, who were selected at random for the study. The data were analyzed descriptively by identifying and categorizing themes related to the leadership styles employed within the employees' organizations. The study reveals that Transformational, Authentic, Inspirational, and Servant Leadership styles have a positive impact on workplace happiness through traits such as empowerment, trust, and support, while Autocratic Leadership has a harmful effect due to its rigid and pressure-inducing nature. Organizations should focus on positive leadership styles and steer away from Autocratic approaches to improve employee happiness at work. The study uniquely highlights how Transformational, Authentic, Inspirational, and Servant Leadership styles contribute to workplace happiness, providing valuable guidance for organizations to foster a supportive work environment while mitigating the negative effects of Autocratic Leadership.

Our research aims to investigate the impact mechanism of brand loyalty among gamers during the gaming process within the framework of brand loyalty theory and cognitive theory. We surveyed game players from Zhejiang Province, China. The research methods include a questionnaire survey and structural equation modelling. Results show that game experience, interaction, and impression are positively correlated with game trust, while game trust is positively correlated with game brand loyalty. Game trust, as a mediator variable, plays a complete mediation role. The clustering results of player gender and age as moderating effects are not significant. Based on the analysis results, we have suggested corresponding policy recommendations and reflections. Our research contributes to the analysation of impact mechanism of brand loyalty during the gaming process through the establishment of a structural equation model and provides suggestions and reflections on the development of the gaming industry.

The research aims to study the Gen Y turnover intention in the banking industry. The study took a quantitative approach that focuses on collecting numerical data that can be examined using statistical methods before being translated into information using quantitative techniques to understand the phenomena of turnover intention among Gen Y. Questionnaires were distributed online in convenient ways to enable the respondent to provide their feedback any-time and from anywhere. It was a non-probability sampling where questionnaires were distributed to respondents in the banking industry aged between 23-36 years. A set of hypotheses arising from a theoretical model of turnover intention was tested using SPSS. Empirical results revealed that only two variables significantly influenced turnover intention. Two independent variables, reward, and job satisfaction, show a significant relationship with the turnover intention of Gen Y in the banking industry of Malaysia. Employee engagement verified that it does not support the hypothesis and has no significant relationship. The research provides a clinical study on the relationship between Gen Y’s turnover intention with rewards, job satisfaction and employee engagement in the banking industry of Malaysia, where the findings will benefit the industry and academic field as an additional review or reference for future research. Employers will have a better understanding of which area of improvement to enhance an organization's performance and a clear understanding of employee needs.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate how rural communities facing the problems of ageing population and lack of economic opportunities can be revived by adopting the approach of sustainable community-based tourism. Theoretical Framework: The study was guided by theories related to community development, placemaking, and community-based tourism. Method: The research used the case analysis method to analyze a community revitalization project in rural Taipei, Taiwan. Data were collected through field observation and interviews. The researcher was invited to participate in the related meetings and observe the practices of the community revitalization project. The researcher also interviewed the leader and volunteers of the community development project. Results and Discussion: It is found that a placemaking process mixed with top-down (facilitated) and bottom-up engagement approaches can effectively generate a sense of place among various groups of constituents. The research also found that it is critical to identify and leverage the cultural and ecological assets of the community in an innovative and integrated way so as to effectively connect the community and the society. To revive a community, volunteers played a mediating role in fulfilling the needs of the community and connecting the community with the society. Research Implications: The findings of the research can be applied to rural communities with similar problems and ecological/cultural assets. For policy makers, the study suggests that community revitalization requires an engagement process balanced with top-down (facilitated) and bottom-up approaches. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the micro-view of sustainability literature by analyzing sustainability at a community level through the aspects of community placemaking and sustainable community-based tourism.