The Songshan region is the core area of Huaxia culture. As an important part of urban characteristics, the Songshan region’s historical architectural heritage is of great significance in sustainable development aspects such as the natural environment, social culture, and so on. The purpose of this study is to clarify the influencing factors of the spatial and temporal distribution of historical buildings in the Songshan region, explore more reasonable conservation and renewal strategies of historical building spaces, and consequently form an effective design method to protect and inherit the historical cultural landscape. Based on the ArcGIS10.6 spatial analysis method, this study simulated the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of historical buildings in the Songshan region, and analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics by geographic information system and mathematical statistics. On this basis, the integration of natural elements and social elements has been realized to explore the key factors affecting the distribution of historical buildings in this region. The main results are as follows: (1) the distribution of historical buildings in the Songshan region is not balanced as a whole and has the characteristics of cluster distribution, forming two extremely high-density areas in Luoyang City and Dengfeng City; (2) the overall distribution direction of historical buildings is northwest to southeast, and the distribution center is near Mount Song; (3) natural environmental factors such as topography, landforms, and water systems to which historical buildings belong, as well as the historical layers of the ancient city and the concept of “the Center of Heaven and Earth”, are the main factors affecting the spatial and temporal distribution of historical buildings in the Songshan region.

Mountainous cultural landscapes, characterized by fragmented heritage sites, present significant challenges for integrated conservation and regional planning. Taking the Mount Song Culture Circle in Dengfeng City, China—a World Heritage site embodying the core of Chinese ritual civilization—as a case study, this study proposes an adaptive minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) gravity model to optimize heritage corridor resilience against spatial fragmentation and development imbalances. Based on a spatial database of 294 cultural relic units, the adaptive model introduces a dynamic cultural value weight (CVIndex = 0.82) and a time decay function (λ = 0.05) to capture the interplay between cultural significance and ecological constraints—features absent in traditional static approaches. The model identifies three optimized heritage corridor networks—”Seeking Wisdom in the Mountains”, “Searching for Culture in the Landscape”, and “Exploring the City Along the River.” Compared with a traditional static MCR model (αindex = 0.42; core area node density = 0.74 nodes/km²), the adaptive approach improves network connectivity by 37% (α-index = 0.58, p < 0.01) and increases core area heritage node density to 1.12/km². Space syntax analysis further confirms that optimized network integration values strongly correlate with cultural dissemination efficiency (R² = 0.78, p < 0.01, n = 48). This research offers a methodological innovation for resilient conservation of complex cultural landscapes in World Heritage contexts.

The wisdom embedded within traditional human settlements offers profound insights for addressing contemporary ecological challenges. This study systematically investigates the spatial management strategies and ecological wisdom of ancient settlements in the Yiluo River Basin (Luoyang Section), a cradle of Chinese civilization. A mixed-methods approach combined with historical document analysis was utilized, and the results reveal how these settlements achieved harmonious coexistence between human activities and the natural environment over millennia. The research uncovers a sophisticated system of ecological wisdom, primarily manifested across four key dimensions: (1) Macro-Topography-Responsive Siting Strategy: Settlement locations adhered to the principle of “nestling against mountains and facing water,” utilizing natural barriers and resources to mitigate flood risks and optimize microclimates. (2) Context-Adaptive Spatial Layout: The internal layout of settlements was attuned to local topography, water systems, and wind corridors, enhancing living comfort and aesthetic appeal. (3) Gray–Green–Blue infrastructure Synergy: Ancient water management systems were integrated with farmland and transportation routes, forming a synergistic network for irrigation, drainage, flood control, and transportation. (4) Culture–Nature Symbiosis: Cultural practices integrated human life cycles with natural landscapes, fostering regional identity and cultural sustainability. This study argues that the ecological wisdom of ancient Yiluo settlements—marked by its systematic and adaptive nature—provides a valuable historical paradigm for enhancing ecosystem services, building climate resilience, and achieving human–nature harmony in contemporary watershed management and urban–rural development.

As complex socio-ecological systems, cultural landscapes face increasing challenges under climate change. Taking the Eight Scenic Spots of Mount Song in Henan Province, China as a case study, this research examines meteorological–cultural genes as integrated expressions of meteorological conditions, cultural meanings, and human perception. Historical texts, meteorological observations, and tourist surveys were analyzed within the framework of landsenses ecology. Historical materials were coded using NVivo, while meteorological and perceptual indicators were standardized and weighted through the entropy-weight method. A dynamic coupling coordination model was then applied to evaluate interactions between meteorological conditions and multisensory landscape perception. The study identified astronomical-calendar, microclimate-adaptation, poetic–symbolic, and ritual–spatial genes. The results reveal strong climate–perception interactions but comparatively weaker coordination, indicating that environmental sensitivity does not necessarily translate into effective climate adaptability. Based on these findings, a meteorological–sensory dynamic coupling framework and a threshold-responsive management pathway are proposed to support gene identification, climate-risk diagnosis, and differentiated adaptive intervention. The study provides a methodological and practical basis for maintaining cultural expression, multisensory experience, and landscape resilience under climate change.