The Songshan region is the core area of Huaxia culture. As an important part of urban characteristics, the Songshan region’s historical architectural heritage is of great significance in sustainable development aspects such as the natural environment, social culture, and so on. The purpose of this study is to clarify the influencing factors of the spatial and temporal distribution of historical buildings in the Songshan region, explore more reasonable conservation and renewal strategies of historical building spaces, and consequently form an effective design method to protect and inherit the historical cultural landscape. Based on the ArcGIS10.6 spatial analysis method, this study simulated the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of historical buildings in the Songshan region, and analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics by geographic information system and mathematical statistics. On this basis, the integration of natural elements and social elements has been realized to explore the key factors affecting the distribution of historical buildings in this region. The main results are as follows: (1) the distribution of historical buildings in the Songshan region is not balanced as a whole and has the characteristics of cluster distribution, forming two extremely high-density areas in Luoyang City and Dengfeng City; (2) the overall distribution direction of historical buildings is northwest to southeast, and the distribution center is near Mount Song; (3) natural environmental factors such as topography, landforms, and water systems to which historical buildings belong, as well as the historical layers of the ancient city and the concept of “the Center of Heaven and Earth”, are the main factors affecting the spatial and temporal distribution of historical buildings in the Songshan region.

This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the characteristics of toponymic original motivation for primary-level administrative unit names in the four districts of Nantong. (1) An indicator system is constructed for the characteristics of toponymic original motivation from three dimensions: Surrounding Environment, Human Activities, and Cultural Significance, and 23 categories are identified through cluster analysis, revealing the unique physical environment characteristics and socio-cultural history of the Nantong area. (2) All toponymic categories are classified into 6 layers, which reveal the diverse manifestations of physical environmental factors, human activity types, and socio-cultural characteristics. (3) The combination of toponym clustering and toponymic layer division reveals the temporal and spatial complexity of the influencing factors and the resulting diversity of toponymic categories. This paper deepens our understanding of the interactive mechanism between toponyms and regional human-environment relationships, providing a theoretical basis for the preservation of toponymic cultural heritage.