The vortex-induced force of bridges is not synchronized along the span direction. The spatial correlation of vortex-induced force becomes obvious when the span of the bridge structure gradually increases, and the mass gradually decreases. Therefore, it is important to study the spanwise correlation of vortex-induced forces of long-span bridges to ensure the accuracy of the prediction of vortex-induced vibration response of bridges. The study established and improved the theory and experimental research methods for vortex-induced vibration analysis of large-span bridges by discussing the spanwise correlation during vortex-induced vibration of the split double-box beam. Taking Xihoumen Bridge as the object, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) numerical models of the scaled-down sections were designed and established based on the ANSYS Fluent platform and the RANS SST turbulence model. Based on the Newmark-β algorithm, a User Defined Function (UDF) was written for vortex vibration calculation, the three-dimensional bypass of the split double-box beam in static conditions and vortex-induced vibration of the split double-box beam of which were calculated, and the spanwise correlations of the aerodynamic coefficients, the surface pressure coefficients, and the wake wind velocity of the main girder section were analyzed for the static and vibration states of the bridge. The results show that the self-excited force of the split double-box beam in vortex-induced vibration improved its spanwise correlation. Compared with those in a static state, the spanwise correlation of the lift coefficient and torque coefficient increased by 55% and 87%, respectively, and the resistance coefficient increased by more than 10 times. The correlation of the pressure coefficients increased by 153%. The correlation of wake wind velocity increased by 37% in the along-wind direction and that in the across-wind and vertical-wind direction increased by more than 10 times. The accuracy of the numerical simulation results was verified by comparing the pressure distribution and pressure spanwise correlation of the main beam with field-measured data.

The presence of large-span straight platforms can complicate the airflow around buildings and alter surface wind pressure, gas bypass and wind response in supertall buildings. The article uses the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) method in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to investigate the differences in surface mean wind pressure, gas bypass, wind coefficients, displacement and acceleration responses between the models with and without platforms, and the wind load on the platforms themselves at different wind directions. The results show that: the presence of platforms generally reduces the maximum negative pressure coefficient on the building surface, reaching a maximum reduction of 31.56% at 30°, and causes a small increase in the maximum positive pressure coefficient, reaching a maximum increase of 5.30% at 0°. The mean wind pressure on the lower surface of the platform is greater than the upper surface. The target building has a lower frequency of vortex shedding than the reference model, with a maximum reduction of 5.68%. The presence of platforms increases the vertex displacement of the building by up to 22.85% and decreases the vertex acceleration by up to 9.14%. These results can be used as references for the ventilation, comfort and safety assessment of similar supertall buildings.

This paper begins with the elaboration of the legal content and the distinction between “Marine Natural Reserves” (MNRs) and “Marine Special Protected Areas” (MSPAs). Through analyzing the location of National MNR of Xiamen's Rare Marine Species and the Xiamen Island, this paper intends to prove the existence of serious space conflict between the establishment of protected area and the economic development of Xiamen. Based on the legal analysis, suggestions are also put forward in the end that apply for the revocation of MNRs at first, then for the establishment of MSPAs, and take the non-enclosed management to resolve the conflict.

Air cooler is the most common air cooling and conditioning equipment that used in frozen and cold storage. However, neither application-oriented or production-oriented enterprises have a sufficient understanding about the performance of air cooler, which will restrict its performance enhancement and technological innovation to some extent. Therefore, this paper conducts a theoretical study on the performance of air cooler to guide the optimal design of air cooler. The distributed parameter model of the air cooler is first established along with some sub-models calculating the structural parameters, the physical properties of the wet air, the heat transfer coefficient and the flow resistance on the refrigerant side and the air side. Then, the proposed models are integrated to calculate the performance of air cooler under the effect of different structural parameters, such as fin spacing, fin thickness, tube spacing, outer tube diameter and finned tube materials. Results show that choosing the relatively smaller fin spacing and outer tube diameter, the larger tube spacing and finned tube materials with high thermal conductivity would contribute to the performance improvement of the air cooler, while the effect of the fin thickness is very small. However, the occupied volume, cost and processing difficulty should also be considered for enterprises in the design stage.