Forming complexes with β-cyclodextrin can enhance stability, dissolution rate, solubility, and bioavailability of an active pharmaceutical ingredient. In this study, the inclusion behavior between β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and diphenhydramine, clonidine, and tolperisone in DMSO-d₆ was investigated using NMR spectroscopy. ¹H, ¹³C, COSY, HMQC, and ROESY data were applied to determine the structure of inclusion complexes, and molecular docking analysis was engaged to identify the most favorable host–guest interactions in the inclusion complexes. Complexation of β-CD with diphenhydramine, clonidine, and tolperisone is accompanied by the insertion of a molecular fragment of the guest molecule, one molecule of diphenhydramine and tolperisone, and two molecules of clonidine, into the inner sphere of one host molecule. The reported study provides useful information for the potential application of the complexation of β-CD with diphenhydramine, clonidine, and tolperisone. This may be a good strategy for the development of solid pharmaceutical dosage forms based on β-CDs as a drug delivery system. Article highlights: The inclusion complexes of β-CD and diphenhydramine, clonidine, and tolperisone were synthesized and analyzed using 1Н, 13С, COSY, HMQC, and ROESY spectroscopy. Diphenhydramine, clonidine, and tolperisone interact with β-CD with the formation of stable 1:1 stoichiometric complexes for β-CD:diphenhydramine and β-CD:tolperisone, and 1:2 stoichiometric complex for β-CD:clonidine. Possible structures of the inclusion complexes between β-CD and diphenhydramine, clonidine, and tolperisone were determined using molecular docking in the software AutoDock 4.0.

: In this review article, we present the latest research in the field of ionic liquids containing biologically active anions and cations, their potential application in the field of agrochemistry and agriculture. The article describes examples of the use of ionic liquids as herbicides, fungicides, antimicrobial agents, deterrents and plant growth stimulants. It also indicates the advantages and disadvantages of using ionic liquids, such as their multitasking, toxicity, thermal stability and solubility in water in comparison with commercial chemicals. Readers will find in the article the prospects for the use of ionic liquids in agriculture, as well as the high value of using ILs as multifunctional biologically active substances.

In order to optimize biofuel (including bioethanol) production processes, various problems need to be solved, such as increasing the sugar content of raw materials/biomass to gain a higher yield of the product. This task can be solved in several ways, with their own advantages and disadvantages, and an integrated approach, such as using a combination of ripening agents and phytohormones or application of a superabsorbent polymer with at least one sugar-enhancing agent, can be applied as well. Here, we reviewed several methods, including pre- and postharvest factors (light, temperature, partial replacement of potassium with magnesium, etc.), genetic modifications (traditional breeding, phytohormones, etc.), chemical ripening methods (Ethephon, Moddus, etc.), and some alternative methods (DMSO treatment, ionic liquids, etc.). The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive, up-to-date summary of methods of increasing the carbohydrate level in plants/biomass for bioethanol production.

We report the syntheses and characterization of novel 3,7-bicycl[3.3.1]bispidines possessing an imidazolpropyl group attached to N-3, and at N-7 a Boc group, as well as a benzoylated-oximated group at C-9. These compounds were complexed with β-cyclodextrin [β-CD] and evaluated as seed protectors of selected wheat seedlings. Using strong acid, condensations of N-substituted piperidones with the appropriate imidazolpropyl groups at N-3 and N-7 led to bispidinones 6 and 7. These intermediates were reduced to the corresponding 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane targets. The oxime at C-9 was benzoylated to yield 13. Heating these 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes in ethanol with β-CD generated the complexes required. We investigated the ability of such complexes as coatings on seedlings to protect and stimulate growth of three varieties of wheat, namely Kazakhstanskaya-10, Severyanka, and Miras. The complex of 3-[3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl]-7-(3-methoxypropyl)-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (2) promoted growth in the root systems of all three wheat varieties by more than 30% in Kazakhstanskaya-10, 30% in Severyanka and 8.5% in Miras. A complex of 3-Boc-7-[3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl]-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9) increased both shoot and root length in only the Severyanka variety. The complex of 3-(3-butoxypropyl)-7-[3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl]-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (11) stimulated both shoot growth (0.8%, 12.3%, 13.5%) and root growth (12.3%, 9.4%, 21.7%) in all three varieties of wheat, respectively. The nature of substituents on the bispidine affect the activity. Solid complexes (1:1) were generated as powders which melted above 240 °C (dec) and were characterized via elemental analyses as 1:1 complexes.

Synthesis routes of novel piperidine-containing acetylenes are presented. The new molecules are expected to exhibit plant growth stimulation properties. In particular, the yield in a situation of drought is expected to increase. Our synthesis makes use of the Favorskii reaction between cyclohexanone/piperidone and triple-bond containing alcohols. The structures of the obtained molecules were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The electronic structure and geometries of the molecules were studied theoretically using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. The calculated geometries agree very well with the experimentally determined ones, and also allow us to determine bond lengths, angles and charge distributions inside the molecules

Leukopenia remains a major clinical challenge associated with infectious diseases, oncological therapies, autoimmune disorders, and metabolic and iatrogenic conditions. Insufficient leukopoiesis not only increases susceptibility to infections but also limits the intensity and continuity of anticancer and immunosuppressive treatments. Targeted stimulation of leukopoiesis therefore represents a critical therapeutic strategy in modern biomedicine. This narrative review summarizes pharmacological and biotechnological approaches to leukopoiesis stimulation based on an analysis of peer-reviewed literature from major biomedical databases. Emphasis was placed on molecular mechanisms of action, clinical positioning, and translational potential of leukopoiesis-modulating agents. Current leukopoiesis-stimulating strategies encompass cytokine-based therapies, bone marrow-derived peptides, thymic and microbial immunomodulators, nucleic acid-based agents, plant-derived compounds, and chemically synthesized small molecules. Classical colony-stimulating factors remain the cornerstone of clinical practice; however, their limitations, including adverse effects and restricted spectrum of action, have driven the development of alternative approaches. Emerging strategies increasingly target specific regulatory nodes of hematopoiesis, including bone marrow stromal interactions, transcription factor signaling, chemokine receptor pathways, and immune cell differentiation programs. Advances in the understanding of leukopoiesis regulation have expanded therapeutic opportunities beyond conventional growth factor administration. Pharmacological and biotechnological targeting of leukopoiesis holds promise for improving clinical outcomes in patients with leukopenia of diverse etiologies. Future progress in this field will depend on the integration of mechanistic insights with clinical evidence to enable more selective, effective, and safer leukopoiesis-stimulating therapies.