Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the world and a current and growing social and health problem. The growing scale of the problem not only concerns adults, but now it particularly affects children and adolescents. Prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders in adolescence is crucial because adolescent depression is a risk factor for recurrence of depression later in life, as well as many other mental health disorders in adulthood. The purpose of this study was to analyze data on the dietary patterns and composition of the Mediterranean diet as a modifiable risk factor for depression, which would be a viable prevention strategy and a good target for early intervention and supportive treatment of depression. Research shows that the Mediterranean diet pattern can reduce the risk and symptoms of depression, while western eating styles can increase the risk and severity of depression in adolescents. The number of studies in adolescent populations continues to increase, but most longitudinal and clinical studies are still insufficient. Modification of the diet can be a helpful strategy for the prevention and treatment of depression in adolescents; therefore, the diet of young people should be considered a key and modifiable goal in the prevention of mental disorders.

The incidences of colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases are increasing in the developed countries of Western Europe and North America, and consequently, the prevalence rate of temporary or permanent stomas has increased in recent years. Nevertheless, the amount of research in the nutrition field in the case of patients with stoma is rather limited. This review article aims to assess the impact of nutrition on an intestinal stoma and possible sequelae resolved with nutritional therapy. The research analyses conducted thus far indicate a significantly increased risk of developing malnutrition, vitamin deficiency (especially group B), and an increased number of discharges from the stoma and its relevance with abnormalities found in electrolyte concentrations.

Childhood obesity and the numerous lifestyle diseases associated with it are undoubtedly among the key problems in modern medicine and public health. However, this problem concerns not only the present or immediate future, but also the longer term. Adult health is fundamentally shaped in the first years of life and in the fetal period. The preconceptual period, which is responsible for the proper preparation of the internal environment for the life and development of the fetus during pregnancy, is also significant. A special role in describing the phenomenon of conditioning the metabolism of the new human being is now attributed to the theory of nutritional programming. Research in this area was pioneered by David Barker, who put forward the theory of the “stunted phenotype” and described the relationship between a child’s birth weight, which is largely a consequence of the mother’s feeding behaviour, and diseases such as ischaemic heart disease, type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia, or high blood pressure. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the history, theory, and prenatal mechanisms involved in nutritional programming and its relationship to childhood obesity and other metabolic diseases.

Purpose The main aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of the dietary patterns studied in the context of multiple sclerosis (MS), including anti-inflammatory, Mediterranean diet (MD), Mediterranean-DASH intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND), intermittent fasting (IF),...

The role of soy isoflavones, which are an example of functional food, is increasingly emphasised in the context of multiple diseases, including those related to fertility. One of the most common causes of female infertility is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which, in addition to hormonal disorders, is usually accompanied by metabolic and systemic disorders. Soy isoflavones may be helpful in treating conditions such as insulin resistance, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and intestinal dysbiosis. The current article is a narrative review aimed at summarizing the available scientific reports on the impact of soy isoflavones on endocrine and metabolic mechanisms in women with PCOS. Despite the limitations, current scientific evidence suggests that soy isoflavones can significantly contribute to lowering metabolic risk and affect hormonal balance in women with PCOS. Promising results have come from studies on PCOS and the gut microbiota, where a bidirectional relationship is suggested: the influence of the gut microbiota on the bioavailability of soy isoflavones and the modulation of microbiota composition by these compounds. However, further interventional studies involving humans are needed to better understand the endocrine and metabolic relationships regarding the role and importance of soy isoflavones in the pathomechanisms of the development and treatment of these disorders.

Background/Objectives: Precocious puberty in girls currently appears to be one of the main problems in pediatric endocrine gynecology. Early onset of menstruation (EOM) means that the age at which the first menstruation occurs is lower than the average/median for the population, which ranges from 12 to 13 years and depends primarily on ethnic origin. Depending on age and severity of symptoms, these disorders negatively affect girls’ quality of life in many areas, including school life, family relationships, and everyday life. Methods: This article provides a scoping review summarizing scientific evidence from human studies on the association between substances derived from green tea (flavanols) and soy (isoflavones) and precocious puberty in girls. Results: Despite the relatively small number of girls enrolled in the studies, available scientific evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggests that polyphenols from decaffeinated green tea (DGTP) may contribute to lowering the age of first menstruation in girls living with obesity. The effect of soy isoflavones or soy in the context of premature menstruation in girls is unclear. Most studies report that it may have no effect on the age of first menstruation, while individual studies suggest that very early exposure to soy (< 4 months of age) may result in earlier puberty, and others suggest that higher consumption of soy isoflavones delays this process. Conclusions: Further well-designed intervention studies in humans are needed to better understand the endocrine and metabolic relationships regarding the role and importance of specific polyphenols in the pathogenic mechanisms of the development and treatment of precocious puberty in girls.