Expanding employment channels for rural households is a crucial means of enhancing the income of rural residents and enhancing the quality of rural employment. This study examines the impact of digital skills on rural laborers’ employment choices and explores the underlying mechanisms by using data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) spanning 2014–2018. By employing various models, including the Probit, IV, mediated effects, and propensity-score-matching methods, the study reveals that digital skills have a significant impact on rural laborers’ employment choices. Specifically, digital skills increase rural labor’s employment opportunities in nonfarm and employed employment while reducing the proportion of informal employment. Additionally, the analysis indicates that the main channels through which digital skills influence rural labor’s employment choices are human and social capital. A heterogeneity analysis further reveals that work-study and social-entertainment skills have a more significant effect on rural laborers’ nonfarm and employed employment opportunities while inhibiting informal employment. Hence, to enhance the quality of future rural employment, the government must encourage rural workers to enhance their digital literacy and digital application skills while improving digital infrastructure.

With the development of global economic integration and the continuous promotion of the “Belt and Road” initiative, the agricultural trade supply chain has become an important part of the agricultural trade supply chain of countries along the “Belt and Road”. Through transnational connectivity, the level of economic and trade cooperation has been improved, providing favorable conditions for the development of a high-quality trade supply chain serving broad areas. Therefore, building a sound and stable supply chain of agricultural products has important practical and theoretical significance for improving the level of economic and trade cooperation of countries along the “Belt and Road” and promoting China’s high-quality economic development. The results show that the trend line of agricultural product trade supply chain performance between China and Central Asia shows a significant downward trend (non-Data Envelopment Analysis efficiency still accounts for a large proportion, and the comprehensive benefits are affected by economies of scale, which is mainly related to the economic conditions of Central Asian countries). The influencing factors of each dimension have significant positive effects on the performance of the agricultural trade supply chain between China and Central Asia to varying degrees and can maximize the performance of China’s Central Asian agricultural trade supply chain through the influencing factors of each dimension of Central Asian countries within the optimal promotion interval. This study recommends improving the information processing efficiency of both parties, predicting market demand, and shortening relevant payment and trade links to improve the efficiency of logistics and transportation between China and Central Asian countries. China’s assistance to the logistics and transportation infrastructure of Central Asian countries can effectively strengthen the connectivity between China and Central Asian countries to promote the overall performance level of the supply chain and achieve mutually beneficial results.

In the context of the separation of three rights of land and agricultural modernization, this paper is based on the land economic survey data from eleven provinces in China in 2019, covering the eastern, middle, and western regions of China. Based on the value chain theory and its “second-round effect”, which pertains to the multi-round effects of value chain distribution theory, various research methods such as Probit, Tobit, the two-part model, SFA, PSM, and the intermediary effect model are employed to analyze the direct impact of the agriculture value chain (AVC) on farmers’ land factor inputs and the income effects caused by them, which are the “second-round effect” of the AVC on land factor inputs. The research results show the following: Firstly, the AVC has a significant positive impact on the behavior and area of farmers’ land transferring-in, which helps guide farmers towards large-scale land operation. Secondly, the AVC significantly improves farmers’ production efficiency and promotes land transfer through differences in production efficiency, representing the “second-round effect” mechanism of the AVC on land factor inputs. Moreover, the AVC will increase farmers’ net land production income by 48.74%, which is the “second-round effect” of the AVC on farmers’ agricultural income and also the motivation for farmers’ land factor inputs. Finally, the expansion of land area and the improvement of production efficiency jointly increase farmers’ agricultural income, among which production efficiency plays a partial intermediary effect in increasing agricultural income if farmers join the AVC. This paper believes that we should further promote the market-oriented reform of land factors, support the innovation of the benefit linkage mechanism of the AVC, and promote appropriate areas of land operation by farmers, thereby achieving common prosperity and promoting agricultural modernization in China.