A four-port dielectric resonator-based connected ground multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is designed. The presented antenna was excited through the aperture feeding technique. The dual bands are achieved by optimally feeding the rectangular dielectric resonator through engineered triangular slots. The antenna has operating modes of and at 4.5 GHz and 5 GHz, respectively. It presents a 2 : 1 VSWR bandwidth of 2.64% (4.48 GHz–4.60 GHz) and 1.2% (4.96 GHz–5.04 GHz) in the lower and upper bands, respectively. The edge-to-edge distance between array elements is around 7.5 mm. The single antenna dimension is 30 mm × 30 mm, whereas the four-port antenna dimension is 60 mm × 60 mm. The optimum isolation was achieved by carefully placing the antenna elements on the substrate through multiple iterations. The antenna provides port isolation better than 20 dB at both resonances with full ground profile. The advantage of the antenna is that it provides fair antenna and MIMO parameters without additional isolation techniques. The antenna has efficiency in order of 88.02% and 86.31%. The peak gain is 7.67 dBi and 8.32 dBi at 4.5 GHz and 5 GHz, respectively. The optimum envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is 0.037, channel capacity coss (CCL) is 0.2 bits/sec/Hz, diversity gain (DG) is 9.99 dB, and total active reflection coefficient (TARC) is −18.87. The antenna elements are orthogonally placed with adequate separation to achieve polarization diversity and spatial diversity. The antenna provides the utilization in Sub-6 GHz 5G and WLAN communication applications.

In this proposal, an advanced integrated multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna system has been presented for next generation 5G‐NR, high speed WLAN and X‐band communications. The four radiators having comb‐shaped geometry at the top edge are positioned orthogonally with each other. An adequate gap is maintained between the radiating ports of MIMO antenna to lower down the mutual coupling. A small fractal geometry is engineered at the bottom corners of the patch to receive size miniaturization, wide band performance and manufacturing advantage. In similar fashion, thin slots are introduced to excel the isolation. The ultrawide band response (1.6 GHz–11.35 GHz) could be achieved by introducing partial ground plane underneath each radiator. A commercially available Flame Retardant 4 substrate was utilized. The individual ground structures are interconnected using thin conducting strips, which play a dynamic role in system performance by providing high isolation between the MIMO elements. The proposed MIMO system is analyzed and confirmed based on various antenna responses such as diversity gain (DG) (>9 dB), mean effective gain (MEG) (−6 to −8 dB), channel capacity loss (CCL) (< 0.4 bits/s/Hz), and envelop correlation coefficient (ECC) (< 0.002 abs). The received reflection coefficient values from the MIMO antenna are compared with actual values. Both the responses are closely aligned with each other. This research supports SDG 9, SDG 11, and SDG 7 by advancing innovative wireless communication infrastructure, enabling sustainable and resilient smart city connectivity, and indirectly promoting energy‐efficient network operations through high‐isolation and efficient antenna design.

Medicinal plants and their properties are significantly affected by various abiotic stressors amongst which, hazardous high-frequency mobile communication radiation spectrum become one of the prominent causes. Such radiation significantly affects the synthesis of bioactive compounds, plant health, and herbal yield. The presented investigation checks the effect of microwave radiations (1800 MHz frequency) on the fungicidal activity of Jasminum grandiflorum L. plant extract against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatous, Alternaria alternata, Malassezia pachydermatis, and a mold Candida albicans. The presented investigation was held by Agar diffusion and Broth dilution assays against selected fungal strains. The finding revealed that antimicrobial potential was raised for all selected fungal strains upon exposure to radiation for 24 h which was deteriorated upon long-term exposure of 36 h and more. This indicates the rise in secondary metabolite synthesis due to induction of self-defense property of plants under radiation stress for the initial period although antifungal activity was significantly declined upon long-term exposure. The significant deterioration was reported as a 44.44% decline in ZOI and a 46.77 % raise in MIC for Alternaria alternata upon 48 hours of exposure. Such periodic decline in the antifungal potential of the exposed plant was reported against other fungal strain which was 41.17, 45.3, 40.7, 52.8, 44 % decline in ZOI whereas 69.21, 50.61, 36.47, 42.04, and 50.92 % of raise in MIC of extracts against Malassezia pachydermatis, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatous, and Candida albicans, respectively.

The research on wireless communication demands technology-based efficient radio frequency devices. A printed monopole dual-band antenna is designed and presented. The presented antenna exhibits a promising response with improved bandwidth and gain. The antenna radiates from 3.49 GHz to 3.82 GHz and from 4.83 GHz to 5.08 GHz frequencies with 3.7 dBi and 5.26 dBi gain, having a bandwidth of 9.09% and 5.06%, respectively. The novelty in the developed antenna is that resonating elements have been engineered adequately without the use of the additional reactive component. The cost-effective FR 4 laminate is utilized as a substrate. This structure exhibits an efficiency of over 83% for both resonances. The numerically computed results through simulations and measured results are found to be in good correlation. The aforesaid response from the antenna makes it an appropriate candidate for laptop computer applications.