The review addresses and highlights the main results of research on the physicohemical properties of single-phase and composite materials based on transition metal oxides in relation to their practical application as electrode materials for symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells. The electronic structures and thermodynamic stability of transition metal oxides with the perovskite structure are discussed. A detailed consideration is given to the thermal behaviour, chemical stability, electrical conductivity and electrochemical properties of a broad range of electrode materials based on iron-, chromium- and manganese-containing perovskite-like oxides and oxides that crystallize in other structure types. The analysis revealed the most promising compositions of electrode materials for symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells and effective approaches to the improvement of their functional characteristics. The bibliography includes 202 references.

The thermomechanical and electrical conductivity properties of praseodymium molybdate Pr5Mo3O16 + δprepared by a solid-phase method were studied. The electrical conductivity of praseodymium...

ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ Проведение разведочного анализа паттернов коморбидности и структуры депрессивных эпизодов (ДЭ) у российских пациентов с биполярным аффективным расстройством (БАР) и рекуррентным депрессивным расстройством (РДР). МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ В данное мультицентровое кросс-секционное исследование включены 178 пациентов с расстройствами настроения, из которых 78,1% (n=139) женщины. Диагноз БАР диагностирован у 68,0% (n=121) пациентов, из них с БАР I типа — у 37,1% (n=66). Все участники исследования проходили структурированное интервью Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview для верификации клинического диагноза и выявления сопутствующих психических расстройств, а также заполняли электронную карту исследования. Статистический анализ проводился в RStudio v. 1.4.1717 с использованием стандартного пакета R и пакета psych. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ Согласно результатам пошаговой регрессии, с БАР в большей степени были ассоциированы коморбидные диагнозы панического расстройства (OR=5,3; 95% ДИ 1,9—19,1) и расстройств пищевого поведения (OR=7,7; 95% ДИ 2,8—27,4). Кроме того, ДЭ при БАР в большей степени были ассоциированы с симптомами гиперсомнии (OR=2,5; 95% ДИ 1,2—5,3) и психомоторной заторможенности (OR=3,2; 95% ДИ 1,5—7,6). Такие симптомы, как повышенный аппетит (47,1% (n=57) против 26,3% (n=15); p=0,009), идеи вины (92,6% (n=112) против 77,2% (n=44); p=0,006) и мысли о самоповреждениях или смерти (70,2% (n=85) против 45,6% (n=25); p=0,003), также номинально чаще встречались при ДЭ в рамках БАР в сравнении с РДР. ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ Такие расстройства настроения, как БАР и РДР, имеют значимые различия в паттернах коморбидности и структуре ДЭ, что важно учитывать при проведении дифференциальной диагностики данных расстройств. Полученные результаты также указывают на необходимость проведения всеобъемлющего диагностического интервью с пациентами с расстройствами настроения для оценки наличия коморбидных психических расстройств в течение жизни и структуры ДЭ на протяжении всего клинического течения с момента манифеста.

Pr_2−xCe_xCuO₄(x= 0.05; 0.1; 0.15) samples were synthesized and systematically characterized towards application as a cathode material for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs).

The COVID-19 pandemic imposed not only serious threats to the physical health of the population, but also provoked a wide range of psychological problems. Objective: To identify the most vulnerable populations during the epidemic period (including individuals with affective disorders) who are most in need of psychological and / or psychiatric help. Material and methods: On-line survey of 1957 Russian-speaking respondents over 18 years old from March 30 to April 5, 2020. The level of anxiety distress was verified with the psychological stress scale (PSM-25). Stigmatization of individuals experiencing respiratory symptoms was assessed with modified devaluation / discrimination questionnaire (PDD; Cronbach’s α = 0.707). Results: 99.8% of respondents had variable concerns associated with COVID-19. Their mean scores of psychological stress were increased to moderate levels (104.9 ± 34.4 points), and the stigmatization scores exceeded the value of the whole sample median (19.5 ± 3.4; Me = 19). 35% of respondents had concerns about COVID-19 associated with anxiety distress (Cohen’s d = 0.16–0.39): these were “risk of isolation” and “possible lack of medication for daily use”. The most prone to concerns were respondents’ groups with affective disorders, young people (≤20 years old), unemployed, single, those without higher education and women. Conclusions: Large sub-cohorts of the Russian-speaking sample need correction of anxiety distress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The implementation of such measures should be targeted and oriented in terms of coverage and content to identified vulnerable social groups.

BACKGROUND:Recentlyasignificant part of schizophrenia studies have been focused on the role of cytokines, especially interleukin-6 (IL-6). Some authors have suggestedapathogenetic role for IL-6 in schizophrenia and concluded that therapy that centers on suppressing IL-6 activity may prove beneficial for certain categories of patients with the disorder. However, many questions about whether the changes in IL-6 levels in schizophrenia are primary, related to symptoms or caused by therapy, are concomitant metabolic disorders, are related to smoking or other secondary factors remain unanswered. AIM:To assess the level of serum IL-6 in patients with schizophrenia in comparison with healthy controls, as well as to study its association with clinical and socio-demographic characteristics. METHODS:Some 125 patients with schizophrenia and 95 healthy volunteers were examined.Theevaluation of IL-6 was performed by enzyme immunoassay. All patients were assessed using standardized psychometric instruments. Information from patient medical records on the course of the disease and treatment wasanalyzed. RESULTS:Thelevel of IL-6 was significantly higher in the patients than in the healthy volunteers (z=2.58;p=0.0099), but among men the difference between the patients and volunteers was not significant. Statistically significant correlations were found between the level of serum IL-6 and the severity of the cognitive impairment of patients: (auditory [ρ=–0.31;p=0.00063] and working memory [ρ=−0.25;p=0.0065], hand-eye coordination [ρ=−0.29;p=0.0011], verbal fluency [ρ=−0.28;p=0.0019] and problem-solving capacity [ρ=−0.22;p=0.013]), total severity of schizophrenia symptoms (PANSS, ρ=0.22;p=0.016), PANSS positive subscale (ρ=0.18;p=0.048), and the age of manifestation (ρ=0.20;p=0.025) and disease duration (ρ=0.18;p=0.043).Thelevel of IL-6 was the lowest in patients treated with third-generation antipsychotics, and the highest in those treated withfirst-generation antipsychotics (H=6.36;p=0.042). Moreover, in hospital patients, the level of IL-6 was significantly higher than in outpatients and inpatients hospitals (H=18.59;p=0.0001). CONCLUSION:Thestudy confirmed that there are associations between the serum IL-6 level and schizophrenia, the age of the patient, duration of the disease and how late in one's life cycle it began manifesting itself, as well asanumber of clinical characteristics. Considering that IL-6isassociated withawide range of symptoms that are loosely controlled by antipsychotics, this biochemical marker needs to be studied to look into how closely its level tracks with an unfavorable course of schizophrenia. That would require further prospective studies.