ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ Проведение разведочного анализа паттернов коморбидности и структуры депрессивных эпизодов (ДЭ) у российских пациентов с биполярным аффективным расстройством (БАР) и рекуррентным депрессивным расстройством (РДР). МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ В данное мультицентровое кросс-секционное исследование включены 178 пациентов с расстройствами настроения, из которых 78,1% (n=139) женщины. Диагноз БАР диагностирован у 68,0% (n=121) пациентов, из них с БАР I типа — у 37,1% (n=66). Все участники исследования проходили структурированное интервью Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview для верификации клинического диагноза и выявления сопутствующих психических расстройств, а также заполняли электронную карту исследования. Статистический анализ проводился в RStudio v. 1.4.1717 с использованием стандартного пакета R и пакета psych. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ Согласно результатам пошаговой регрессии, с БАР в большей степени были ассоциированы коморбидные диагнозы панического расстройства (OR=5,3; 95% ДИ 1,9—19,1) и расстройств пищевого поведения (OR=7,7; 95% ДИ 2,8—27,4). Кроме того, ДЭ при БАР в большей степени были ассоциированы с симптомами гиперсомнии (OR=2,5; 95% ДИ 1,2—5,3) и психомоторной заторможенности (OR=3,2; 95% ДИ 1,5—7,6). Такие симптомы, как повышенный аппетит (47,1% (n=57) против 26,3% (n=15); p=0,009), идеи вины (92,6% (n=112) против 77,2% (n=44); p=0,006) и мысли о самоповреждениях или смерти (70,2% (n=85) против 45,6% (n=25); p=0,003), также номинально чаще встречались при ДЭ в рамках БАР в сравнении с РДР. ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ Такие расстройства настроения, как БАР и РДР, имеют значимые различия в паттернах коморбидности и структуре ДЭ, что важно учитывать при проведении дифференциальной диагностики данных расстройств. Полученные результаты также указывают на необходимость проведения всеобъемлющего диагностического интервью с пациентами с расстройствами настроения для оценки наличия коморбидных психических расстройств в течение жизни и структуры ДЭ на протяжении всего клинического течения с момента манифеста.

The COVID-19 pandemic imposed not only serious threats to the physical health of the population, but also provoked a wide range of psychological problems. Objective: To identify the most vulnerable populations during the epidemic period (including individuals with affective disorders) who are most in need of psychological and / or psychiatric help. Material and methods: On-line survey of 1957 Russian-speaking respondents over 18 years old from March 30 to April 5, 2020. The level of anxiety distress was verified with the psychological stress scale (PSM-25). Stigmatization of individuals experiencing respiratory symptoms was assessed with modified devaluation / discrimination questionnaire (PDD; Cronbach’s α = 0.707). Results: 99.8% of respondents had variable concerns associated with COVID-19. Their mean scores of psychological stress were increased to moderate levels (104.9 ± 34.4 points), and the stigmatization scores exceeded the value of the whole sample median (19.5 ± 3.4; Me = 19). 35% of respondents had concerns about COVID-19 associated with anxiety distress (Cohen’s d = 0.16–0.39): these were “risk of isolation” and “possible lack of medication for daily use”. The most prone to concerns were respondents’ groups with affective disorders, young people (≤20 years old), unemployed, single, those without higher education and women. Conclusions: Large sub-cohorts of the Russian-speaking sample need correction of anxiety distress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The implementation of such measures should be targeted and oriented in terms of coverage and content to identified vulnerable social groups.

We provide an overview of the recent achievements in psychiatric genetics research in the Russian Federation and present genotype-phenotype, population, epigenetic, cytogenetic, functional, ENIGMA, and pharmacogenetic studies, with an emphasis on genome-wide association studies. The genetic backgrounds of mental illnesses in the polyethnic and multicultural population of the Russian Federation are still understudied. Furthermore, genetic, genomic, and pharmacogenetic data from the Russian Federation are not adequately represented in the international scientific literature, are currently not available for meta-analyses and have never been compared with data from other populations. Most of these problems cannot be solved by individual centers working in isolation but warrant a truly collaborative effort that brings together all the major psychiatric genetic research centers in the Russian Federation in a national consortium. For this reason, we have established the Russian National Consortium for Psychiatric Genetics (RNCPG) with the aim to strengthen the power and rigor of psychiatric genetics research in the Russian Federation and enhance the international compatibility of this research.The consortium is set up as an open organization that will facilitate collaborations on complex biomedical research projects in human mental health in the Russian Federation and abroad. These projects will include genotyping, sequencing, transcriptome and epigenome analysis, metabolomics, and a wide array of other state-of-the-art analyses. Here, we discuss the challenges we face and the approaches we will take to unlock the huge potential that the Russian Federation holds for the worldwide psychiatric genetics community.

The review article highlights the problem of using hematological coefficients of systemic inflammation in clinical practice, as well as the results of studies aimed at its use in the diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic response in the treatment of mood disorders. The contribution of each individual link of the immune system to the pathogenesis of an inflammatory reaction is known, but currently of most interest are neutrophil-lymphocytic (NLR), monocyte-lymphocytic (MLR) and platelet-lymphocytic (PLR) ratios, as well as indices of systemic immune-inflammation (SII, platelet count x number of neutrophils / lymphocytes) and system inflammation response (SIRI, number of neutrophils x number of monocytes / lymphocytes). All coefficients are available for calculation based on a routine complete blood count. The analysis of the literature demonstrates the significance of these ratios, but emphasizes the need for further research. A more detailed study of these ratios will allow achieving their prognostic value and a more objective assessment of their validity and specificity for the diagnosis, prediction of risks and variants of the affective disorders course.

BACKGROUND: Eating disorder (ED) and bipolar disorder (BD) exhibit certain phenomenological similarities rooted in eating behavior and emotional regulation. However, despite the growing body of research on the comorbidity of ED and BD, scientific data on the concurrent course of these disorders has remained poorly systematized. AIM: To conduct a scoping review of published data on the prevalence of various types of ED among patients with BD types I and II in the context of the sex and clinical features of the concurrent course of these disorders. METHODS: The analysis was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews. The search was conducted in the MEDLINE electronic database. Studies were included if they were focused samples of patients diagnosed with BD and ED, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth and fifth editions (DSM-IV, DSM-5), or International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, tenth Revision (ICD-10), were used for the verification of the ED and BD diagnoses. The descriptive analysis method was used to summarize the review findings. RESULTS: A total of 41 studies were selected for the review. Lifetime ED in patients with BD ranged from 2.2% to 31.1%, and the prevalence rates of BD among patients with ED varied from 11.3% to 68.1%. ED nominally had a higher prevalence among individuals with BD type II and females. Additionally, the presence of ED in patients with BD was associated with earlier onset of mood disorder, a higher number of depressive episodes, higher levels of atypical depressive symptoms, suicide attempts, as well as a higher frequency of comorbid obsessive-compulsive and anxiety disorders, addictions, and various metabolic disorders. CONCLUSION: Despite the high degree of volatility in the results, the prevalence rates of a concurrent course of ED and BD are rather high. For this reason, screening for ED in patients with BD and vice versa holds significant value in the accurate diagnosis and selection of the most effective therapy. The patterns of comorbidity among different types of ED and BD, depending on gender, need further exploration in future research.

Background: Differing conceptualizations of recurrent and persistent depression in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) lead to diagnostic inconsistencies. This scoping review analyzed epidemiological studies on the lifetime prevalence of recurrent and persistent depression in the general population. Methods: Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we searched MEDLINE and the Russian Science Citation Index without time or language restrictions. Inclusion criteria were original epidemiological studies of the general population reporting lifetime prevalence of recurrent or persistent depression, using DSM-III/IV/5 or ICD-9/10/11 criteria. Results: Only three studies on recurrent depression were identified – from Switzerland, the USA, and Hungary – showing a consistent lifetime prevalence of 10.3% to 10.5%. In contrast, major depressive disorder had a lifetime prevalence of 1.5 to 2.5 times higher in these studies. Dysthymia and persistent depression showed lifetime prevalences ranging from 1.1% to 6.4% and 1.6% to 18%, respectively. Women represented about two-thirds of cases of both recurrent and persistent depression. Conclusion: The underrepresentation of recurrent depression may stem from the DSM's dominant influence in psychiatric diagnostics. Our findings highlight the need for refined diagnostic criteria and more comprehensive epidemiological studies that separately identify recurrent and persistent depression.