The main purpose of the study is to develop scientific and methodological aspects of assessing the transformation of the target indicators of the economic development of countries, the argumentation of the impact of information technology on the economic growth of countries using the tools of multidimensional cluster analysis. The object of the study is the models of economic development of countries and the assessment of the impact of ICT on them. The relevance and necessity of studying this issue lies in the development of scientific and methodological aspects for assessing the transformation of the target indicators of the economic development of countries. The main results of the study are characterized by the following: the main types of modern economic models are systematized, which made it possible to highlight their features and specifics of application in different countries of the world, depending on the political and socio-economic directions of development; it is substantiated that the key factor of sustainable development of the country is economic growth; for the first time, the specifics of the transformation of the main indicators of the economic development of countries under the influence of innovative information technologies are argued. The presented results made it possible to form the scientific and methodological aspects of conducting a multidimensional cluster analysis of the transformation of the target indicators of the economic development of countries, which ensured the identification of homogeneous groups of clusters of countries by the level of economic development (global indices of economic development of countries), taking into account the peculiarities of their functioning and development strategies. The practical application of the research results will ensure the effectiveness of the formation of economic policies and strategies for the economic development of countries, taking into account the application of the developed scientific and methodological aspects

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to evaluate different policies for managing the business risks in an effective manner. Theoretical framework: In order to identify the hazards within the organization and evaluate several risk factors, risk management is necessary. This is a method of “analysing and evaluating” the risks, which are associated with the hazard. After making identification the risks need to analyse properly. Evaluation of the risks is based on the position and activities of the firms. Hazard identification is a process of finding out the hazards, then making a list of those hazards and after that characterizing. Design/methodology/approach: The deductive approach is the best approach to understand the structure of the study. The deductive approach focuses on the evaluation of different theoretical views for finding out the pattern related to the generic views of a particular research topic. Findings: It is identified that the risk management is one of the major parts of business companies, which creating specific policies. The usage of hedging can lead to an effective risk management process. Research, Practical & Social implications: Businesses can benefit more from a strong foundation for managing risks. Risk assessment is applicable to all industries and is not just related to businesses or companies. Originality/value: This study is different from the previous studies because it examined the risk management framework (policy and hedging) in detailed way.

Using annual time-series data for the (1972-2012) period, the present paper re-examines the multivariate inward FDI function for Malaysia, in particular, employment in economic sectors. It employs Pesaran, Shin, and Smith approach to analyse the co-integration and equilibrium relationships. The Granger causality test in levels is applied to determine the causality directions between inward FDI and employment in economic sectors. Results of bounds F-statistics suggest that employment in economic sectors is co-integrated with inward FDI. The results of the Granger causality test indicate a unidirectional causality, running from inward FDI to employment in the manufacturing sector, and from employment in the construction sector to inward FDI. These results have practical policy implications for decision makers in developing economies in terms of increasing FDI and employment levels in economic sectors.

Purpose: This study analyzes the impact of the procedures followed by the Central Bank of Jordan during the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial performance of Jordanian banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange over the period (2019Q1–2021Q3).Design/methodology/approach: The panel fixed effect model was used to measure the impact of each of the required reserve ratios and the deferred loans on the profitability of Jordanian banks represented by the return on total assets.Findings: The results revealed a negative relationship at the significance level of 10% between the required reserve ratio and the return on total assets. Also, there is a negative relationship at the significance level of 5% between the deferred loans and the return on total assets.Research limitations/implications: The paper recommends the Central Bank of Jordan following a precautionary policy to encounter systematic risks that cannot be eliminated by using diversification.Originality/value: With the severe impact of the Coronavirus pandemic on the overall economic performance of the national economic sectors and the subsequent negative impact on the living standard of society’s members, this study shows the government’s role represented by the procedures of its monetary authority (Central Bank of Jordan) to mitigate the effects of this pandemic, as well as measuring the impact of these procedures on the financial performance of Jordanian banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange.