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Dr. Ka Yu Cheng
CSIRO Land and Water, Perth, Australia

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Resource Recovery
0 Biological treatment of municipal and industrial waste streams
0 Biodegradation of contaminants and bioremediation of contaminated sites
0 Sensors for monitoring biofilm formation
0 Microbial electrochemical reactor technologies

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Biological treatment of municipal and industrial waste streams
Resource Recovery

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Review
Published: 19 August 2021 in Metals
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Electronic e-waste (e-waste) is a growing problem worldwide. In 2019, total global production reached 53.6 million tons, and is estimated to increase to 74.7 million tons by 2030. This rapid increase is largely fuelled by higher consumption rates of electrical and electronic goods, shorter life cycles and fewer repair options. E-waste is classed as a hazardous substance, and if not collected and recycled properly, can have adverse environmental impacts. The recoverable material in e-waste represents significant economic value, with the total value of e-waste generated in 2019 estimated to be US $57 billion. Despite the inherent value of this waste, only 17.4% of e-waste was recycled globally in 2019, which highlights the need to establish proper recycling processes at a regional level. This review provides an overview of global e-waste production and current technologies for recycling e-waste and recovery of valuable material such as glass, plastic and metals. The paper also discusses the barriers and enablers influencing e-waste recycling with a specific focus on Oceania.

ACS Style

Jonovan Van Yken; Naomi J. Boxall; Ka Yu Cheng; Aleksandar N. Nikoloski; Navid R. Moheimani; Anna H. Kaksonen. E-Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery: A Review on Technologies, Barriers and Enablers with a Focus on Oceania. Metals 2021, 11, 1313 .

AMA Style

Jonovan Van Yken, Naomi J. Boxall, Ka Yu Cheng, Aleksandar N. Nikoloski, Navid R. Moheimani, Anna H. Kaksonen. E-Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery: A Review on Technologies, Barriers and Enablers with a Focus on Oceania. Metals. 2021; 11 (8):1313.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jonovan Van Yken; Naomi J. Boxall; Ka Yu Cheng; Aleksandar N. Nikoloski; Navid R. Moheimani; Anna H. Kaksonen. 2021. "E-Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery: A Review on Technologies, Barriers and Enablers with a Focus on Oceania." Metals 11, no. 8: 1313.

Journal article
Published: 11 August 2021 in Science of The Total Environment
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This study proposed and validated a method integrating in situ hydrotalcite precipitation (Virtual Curtain™ (VC) technology) with bioprocess for treating a cyanide (CN)-augmented (ca. 5 mg-CN L−1) sulfate-laden neutral mine drainage, from a waste rock dump (WD2) of an Australian gold mine. Efficacies of various carbon (C) sources (ethanol, lactate, and two natural substrates; Eucalyptus wood sawdust (EW) and Typha biomass (TB)) for promoting microbial reduction in both: CN-augmented WD2 water and VC-treated CN-augmented WD2 water were assessed in a 60-days microcosms study at 30 °C. The microcosms were monitored over time for pH, redox potential, dissolved hydrogen sulfide, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, biogas production, dissolved organic carbon, total dissolved nitrogen, and dissolved CN. The VC treatment removed a range of metals (Mg, Ni and Zn) and metalloid Se from the CN-augmented WD2 water to below detection. Other elements substantially reduced in concentration included Ba, F, Si and U. However, the VC treatment did not remove substantial nitrate, sulfate or CN. Microcosm trials revealed that the indigenous microbial community in WD2 could effectively denitrify and reduce sulfate, with TB was the most efficient C source for promoting sulfate and CN removal; whereas, EW facilitated only marginally higher sulfate reduction compared with controls. The highest sulfate reduction rate (76 g-SO42− m−3 d−1) was achieved with VC-treated water amended with TB, indicating that VC pre-treatment was beneficial. Further, all treatments amended with external C, facilitated 100% removal of dissolved CN after 60 days, whereas only partial (65%) CN removal was recorded in the control. Overall, the proposed integrated method appears a viable option for treating neutral gold mine drainage.

ACS Style

Ka Yu Cheng; Caroline Rubina Acuña; Anna H. Kaksonen; Graeme Esslemont; Grant B. Douglas. Treatment of neutral gold mine drainage by sequential in situ hydrotalcite precipitation, and microbial sulfate and cyanide removal. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 801, 149613 .

AMA Style

Ka Yu Cheng, Caroline Rubina Acuña, Anna H. Kaksonen, Graeme Esslemont, Grant B. Douglas. Treatment of neutral gold mine drainage by sequential in situ hydrotalcite precipitation, and microbial sulfate and cyanide removal. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 801 ():149613.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ka Yu Cheng; Caroline Rubina Acuña; Anna H. Kaksonen; Graeme Esslemont; Grant B. Douglas. 2021. "Treatment of neutral gold mine drainage by sequential in situ hydrotalcite precipitation, and microbial sulfate and cyanide removal." Science of The Total Environment 801, no. : 149613.

Journal article
Published: 31 July 2021 in Minerals
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Bio-oxidation of refractory sulfidic gold minerals has been applied at the commercial scale as a pre-treatment to improve gold yields and reduce chemical consumption during gold cyanidation. In this study, the effect of initial cell concentration on the oxidation of pyritic gold ore was evaluated with four aerated bioreactors at 30 °C with 10% pulp density and pH maintained at 1.4 with NaOH. Results of NaOH consumption and changes in soluble Fe and S concentrations indicated that increasing the initial cell concentration from 2.3 × 107 to 2.3 × 1010 cells mL−1 enhanced pyrite oxidation during the first week. However, by day 18 the reactor with the lowest initial cell concentration showed profound performance enhancement based on soluble Fe and S concentrations, sulfide-S and pyrite contents in the residues, and subsequent gold leaching of the bio-oxidation residues by cyanidation. Overall, the results showed that the cell concentration was clearly beneficial during the initial stages of oxidation (first 7–8 days).

ACS Style

Ka Cheng; Caroline Acuña; Naomi Boxall; Jian Li; David Collinson; Christina Morris; Chris du Plessis; Natalia Streltsova; Anna Kaksonen. Effect of Initial Cell Concentration on Bio-Oxidation of Pyrite before Gold Cyanidation. Minerals 2021, 11, 834 .

AMA Style

Ka Cheng, Caroline Acuña, Naomi Boxall, Jian Li, David Collinson, Christina Morris, Chris du Plessis, Natalia Streltsova, Anna Kaksonen. Effect of Initial Cell Concentration on Bio-Oxidation of Pyrite before Gold Cyanidation. Minerals. 2021; 11 (8):834.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ka Cheng; Caroline Acuña; Naomi Boxall; Jian Li; David Collinson; Christina Morris; Chris du Plessis; Natalia Streltsova; Anna Kaksonen. 2021. "Effect of Initial Cell Concentration on Bio-Oxidation of Pyrite before Gold Cyanidation." Minerals 11, no. 8: 834.

Journal article
Published: 14 September 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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Wastewater contaminated with high concentrations of selenium oxyanions requires treatment prior to discharge. Biological fluidized bed reactors (FBRs) can be an option for removing selenium oxyanions from wastewater by converting them into elemental selenium, which can be separated from the treated effluent. In this study, a lab-scale FBR was constructed with granular activated carbon as biofilm carrier and inoculated with a consortium of selenate reducing bacteria enriched from environmental samples. The FBR was loaded with an influent containing ethanol (10 mM) and selenate (10 mM) as the microbial electron donor and acceptor, respectively. The performance of the FBR in reducing selenate was evaluated under various hydraulic retention times (HRTs) (120 h, 72 h, 48 h, 24 h, 12 h, 6 h, 3 h, 1 h and 20 min). After process acclimatization, selenate was completely removed with no notable selenite produced when the HRT was stepwise decreased from 120 h to 6 h. However, decreasing the HRT to 3 h resulted in selenite accumulation (0.17 ± 0.023 mM) in the effluent although selenate removal efficiency remained at 99.8 ± 0.20 %. At 1 h HRT, the FBR removed 90.8 ± 1.4 % of the selenate at a rate of 9.6 ± 0.15 mM h-1, which is the highest selenate reduction rate reported in the literature so far. However, 1 h HRT resulted in notable selenite accumulation (up to 2.4 ± 0.27 mM). Further decreasing the HRT to 20 min resulted in a notable decline in selenate reduction. Selenate reduction recovered from the “shock loading” after the HRT was increased back to 3 h. However, selenite still accumulated until the FBR was operated in batch mode for 6 days. This study affirmed that FBR is a promising treatment option for selenate-rich wastewater, and the process can be efficiently operated at low HRTs.

ACS Style

Su Yan; Ka Yu Cheng; Maneesha P. Ginige; Guanyu Zheng; Lixiang Zhou; Anna H. Kaksonen. High-rate microbial selenate reduction in an up-flow anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (FBR). Science of The Total Environment 2020, 749, 142359 .

AMA Style

Su Yan, Ka Yu Cheng, Maneesha P. Ginige, Guanyu Zheng, Lixiang Zhou, Anna H. Kaksonen. High-rate microbial selenate reduction in an up-flow anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (FBR). Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 749 ():142359.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Su Yan; Ka Yu Cheng; Maneesha P. Ginige; Guanyu Zheng; Lixiang Zhou; Anna H. Kaksonen. 2020. "High-rate microbial selenate reduction in an up-flow anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (FBR)." Science of The Total Environment 749, no. : 142359.

Journal article
Published: 25 August 2020 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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Electron donors are a major cost-factor in biological removing oxyanions, such as nitrate and selenate from wastewater. In this study, an online ethanol dosing strategy based on feedback control of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) was designed to optimize the performance of a lab-scale fluidized bed reactor (FBR) in treating selenate and nitrate (5 mM each) containing wastewater. The FBR performance was evaluated at various ORP setpoints ranging between −520 mV and −240 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl). Results suggested that both nitrate and selenate were completely removed at ORPs between −520 mV and −360 mV, with methylseleninic acid, selenocyanate, selenosulfate and ammonia being produced at low ORP between −520 mV and −480 mV, likely due to overdosing of ethanol. At ORPs between −300 mV and −240 mV, limited ethanol dosing resulted in an apparent decline in selenate removal whereas nitrate removal remained stable. Resuming the ORP to −520 mV successfully restored complete selenate reduction. An optimal ORP of −400 mV was identified for the FBR, whereby near complete selenate and nitrate were removed with a minimal ethanol consumption. Overall, controlling ORP via feedback-dosing of the electron donor was an effective strategy to optimize FBR performance for reducing selenate and nitrate in wastewater.

ACS Style

Su Yan; Ka Yu Cheng; Maneesha P. Ginige; Guanyu Zheng; Lixiang Zhou; Anna H. Kaksonen. Optimization of nitrate and selenate reduction in an ethanol-fed fluidized bed reactor via redox potential feedback control. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2020, 402, 123770 .

AMA Style

Su Yan, Ka Yu Cheng, Maneesha P. Ginige, Guanyu Zheng, Lixiang Zhou, Anna H. Kaksonen. Optimization of nitrate and selenate reduction in an ethanol-fed fluidized bed reactor via redox potential feedback control. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2020; 402 ():123770.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Su Yan; Ka Yu Cheng; Maneesha P. Ginige; Guanyu Zheng; Lixiang Zhou; Anna H. Kaksonen. 2020. "Optimization of nitrate and selenate reduction in an ethanol-fed fluidized bed reactor via redox potential feedback control." Journal of Hazardous Materials 402, no. : 123770.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2020 in Hydrometallurgy
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The generation of electronic waste (e-waste) is an issue with global consequences and therefore the proper management and recycling of e-waste are of increasing importance. Printed circuit boards (PCBs), which are a common component of e-waste, have a high valuable metal content which also makes this material an important secondary resource. In this study, biohydrometallurgical extraction of metals from PCBs was investigated as a potential alternative to conventional hydrometallurgical or pyrometallurgical processing options. An indirect non-contact leaching approach using ferric iron generated by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans was compared to chemical ferric sulfate leaching of Cu, Ni, Zn and Al from milled high-grade PCBs at 1% pulp density at Fe3+ concentrations of 5–20 g L−1 and at a pH range of 0.6–1.2. The roles of redoxolysis and acidolysis were examined by comparing ferric leaching with sulfuric acid leaching conducted at initial pH values of 0.8–1.4. Results showed that the supplementation of ferric iron significantly (p < 0.05) improved the chemical leaching yields as compared to sulfuric acid leaching for Cu (47.4% to 66.3%), Al (55.3% to 100%), Zn (45.5% to 92.4%) and Ni (61.0% to 97.7%) at pH 0.8. Increase in ferric iron concentration and decrease in pH also significantly (p < 0.05) improved the yield for both biological and chemical leaching. The optimal condition for overall metal bioleaching was at 20 g L−1 ferric iron at an initial pH of 0.6, yielding 87% for Cu and 100% for Al, Zn and Ni. Since no significant variation was found between chemical ferric sulfate and biogenic ferric sulfate leaching at a majority of the tested ferric concentrations, this study suggested that using biogenic lixiviants for extracting metals from PCBs is a viable alternative to chemical leaching.

ACS Style

Jonovan Van Yken; Ka Yu Cheng; Naomi J. Boxall; Aleksandar N. Nikoloski; Navid Moheimani; Marjorie Valix; Veena Sahajwalla; Anna H. Kaksonen. Potential of metals leaching from printed circuit boards with biological and chemical lixiviants. Hydrometallurgy 2020, 196, 105433 .

AMA Style

Jonovan Van Yken, Ka Yu Cheng, Naomi J. Boxall, Aleksandar N. Nikoloski, Navid Moheimani, Marjorie Valix, Veena Sahajwalla, Anna H. Kaksonen. Potential of metals leaching from printed circuit boards with biological and chemical lixiviants. Hydrometallurgy. 2020; 196 ():105433.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jonovan Van Yken; Ka Yu Cheng; Naomi J. Boxall; Aleksandar N. Nikoloski; Navid Moheimani; Marjorie Valix; Veena Sahajwalla; Anna H. Kaksonen. 2020. "Potential of metals leaching from printed circuit boards with biological and chemical lixiviants." Hydrometallurgy 196, no. : 105433.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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Intermittently Decanted Extended Aeration (IDEA) processes are widely used for wastewater treatment. However, in-depth performance evaluation of a full-scale IDEA plant is rare, making it challenging for water utilities to meet the increasingly stringent discharge requirements with these assets. This study aims to fill this gap through a comprehensive assessment of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a full-scale IDEA plant in Australia. The plant consists of two identical IDEA tanks operated in-parallel. Upstream to each tank is a bioselector with four interlinked compartments. We conducted an eight-week monitoring program with four intensive cyclic studies to establish detailed nutrient profiles of the two IDEA tanks to assess the performance of nitrogen and alum assisted phosphorus removal. Results showed that the plant enabled good nitrification in the IDEA effluent. However, the denitrification efficiency was low (ca. 50%), and could be improved by decreasing oxygen supply to suppress nitrite oxidation and preserve influent carbon. The addition of alum to the IDEA tank appeared to be ineffective given the low P concentration (<1 mg-P/L) in the tank. The bioselector was identified as a better alum-dosing location, given its higher (~7-fold) phosphate concentration in comparison to the influent. Stopping the dosing of alum only marginally increased the effluent P (0.35 to 0.52 mg-P/L), implying that P removal was predominantly (94%) biologically mediated and achieved via P accumulating microorganisms. Overall, this study offers timely and useful process understanding of the performance of IDEA plants, as well as other similar wastewater treatment configurations.

ACS Style

Shaokun Song; Ka Yu Cheng; Danny Rhoding; Beatrice Yong; Anas Ghadouani; Maneesha P. Ginige. Insights drawn from a full-scale Intermittently Decanted Extended Aeration (IDEA) plant for optimising nitrogen and phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 744, 140576 .

AMA Style

Shaokun Song, Ka Yu Cheng, Danny Rhoding, Beatrice Yong, Anas Ghadouani, Maneesha P. Ginige. Insights drawn from a full-scale Intermittently Decanted Extended Aeration (IDEA) plant for optimising nitrogen and phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 744 ():140576.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shaokun Song; Ka Yu Cheng; Danny Rhoding; Beatrice Yong; Anas Ghadouani; Maneesha P. Ginige. 2020. "Insights drawn from a full-scale Intermittently Decanted Extended Aeration (IDEA) plant for optimising nitrogen and phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater." Science of The Total Environment 744, no. : 140576.

Journal article
Published: 18 June 2020 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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This study examines a new method to dispose the biomass of a rare earth elements (REE) hyperaccumulator, Dicranopteris pedata, as a REE containing additive of a basal fertilizer for agricultural application. The D. pedata laminas were calcinated to fabricate ashes. The total REE content was 2.65 % for AshDp500, and 4.12 % for AshDp815, respectively. However, as for the heavy metals, Cd or Pb, a higher content could be found in AshDp500 than in AshDp815. The elemental contents of D. pedata ashes are qualified for fertilizer application. Pot experiments were then conducted to investigate the effects of AshDp815 on both the yield and quality of Ipomoea aquatica Forsskal grown in a yellow brown earth, or in a red soil. The application of the ashes increased the I. aquatica height, biomass, vitamin C, soluble protein, and soluble sugar contents, but decreased the I. aquatica nitrate and free amino acids contents. Furthermore, none of the microelements of I. aquatica leaf exceeded the Chinese national standard. The observations indicate the favorable effect of using D. pedata ash on the growth of I. aquatica which is most likely the result from the fertilizer effects of both macroelements and REE present in the ash.

ACS Style

Zhenggui Wei; Bin Gao; Ka Yu Cheng; Anna Kaksonen; Spas D. Kolev; Jonathan W.C. Wong; Jing Cui. Exploring the use of Dicranopteris pedata ash as a rare earth fertilizer to Ipomoea aquatica Forsskal. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2020, 400, 123207 .

AMA Style

Zhenggui Wei, Bin Gao, Ka Yu Cheng, Anna Kaksonen, Spas D. Kolev, Jonathan W.C. Wong, Jing Cui. Exploring the use of Dicranopteris pedata ash as a rare earth fertilizer to Ipomoea aquatica Forsskal. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2020; 400 ():123207.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenggui Wei; Bin Gao; Ka Yu Cheng; Anna Kaksonen; Spas D. Kolev; Jonathan W.C. Wong; Jing Cui. 2020. "Exploring the use of Dicranopteris pedata ash as a rare earth fertilizer to Ipomoea aquatica Forsskal." Journal of Hazardous Materials 400, no. : 123207.

Journal article
Published: 28 May 2020 in Hydrometallurgy
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Biohydrometallurgy has been commercially applied for the extraction of base metals from low-grade sulfidic ores and the pre-treatment of refractory sulfidic gold-containing minerals. Recent research explores its potential for other types of commodities, such as rare earth elements, and ores found in deep subsurface of the Earth, ocean floor and outer space. The application of biohydrometallurgy for extracting resources from waste streams is also gaining increasing interest to support the move towards a circular economy. The utilisation of complex feedstock is associated with new challenges, which may require the integration of various unit processes that combine biological approaches and/or electrochemistry, with physical or chemical processing. New biolixiviants are also being explored to mitigate harmful environmental impacts. The range of biocatalysts available for biohydrometallurgy can be increased through bioprospecting of novel biomining microbes, increasing the metabolic capability of microbes through adaptive evolution and engineering microbes through synthetic biology. New modelling and artificial intelligence tools are also expanding the opportunities for optimising biotechnical processes. This paper reviews recent trends and prospective directions for biohydrometallurgy.

ACS Style

Anna H. Kaksonen; Xiao Deng; TsingBohu(呼庆QingHu); Luis Zea; Himel Nahreen Khaleque; Yosephine Gumulya; Naomi Boxall; Christina Morris; Ka Yu Cheng. Prospective directions for biohydrometallurgy. Hydrometallurgy 2020, 195, 105376 .

AMA Style

Anna H. Kaksonen, Xiao Deng, TsingBohu(呼庆QingHu), Luis Zea, Himel Nahreen Khaleque, Yosephine Gumulya, Naomi Boxall, Christina Morris, Ka Yu Cheng. Prospective directions for biohydrometallurgy. Hydrometallurgy. 2020; 195 ():105376.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna H. Kaksonen; Xiao Deng; TsingBohu(呼庆QingHu); Luis Zea; Himel Nahreen Khaleque; Yosephine Gumulya; Naomi Boxall; Christina Morris; Ka Yu Cheng. 2020. "Prospective directions for biohydrometallurgy." Hydrometallurgy 195, no. : 105376.

Journal article
Published: 19 March 2020 in Chemosphere
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Hydrotalcite precipitation is a promising technology for the on-site treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD). This technology is underpinned by the synthesis of hydrotalcite that can effectively remove various contaminants. However, hydrotalcite precipitation has only limited capacity to facilitate sulfate removal from AMD. Therefore, the feasibility of coupling biological sulfate reduction with the hydrotalcite precipitation to maximize sulfate removal was evaluated in this study. AMD emanating from a gold mine (pH 4.3, sulfate 2000 mg L−1, with various metals including Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn) was first treated using the hydrotalcite precipitation. Subsequently, biological treatment of the post-hydrotalcite precipitation effluent was conducted in an ethanol-fed fluidized bed reactor (FBR) at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 0.8–1.6 day. The hydrotalcite precipitation readily neutralized the acidity of AMD and removed 10% of sulfate and over 99% of Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn. The overall sulfate removal increased to 73% with subsequent FBR treatment. Based on 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes, the identified genera of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) included Desulfovibrio, Desulfomicrobium and Desulfococcus. This study showed that sulfate-rich AMD can be effectively treated by integrating hydrotalcite precipitation and a biological sulfate reducing FBR.

ACS Style

Su Yan; Ka Yu Cheng; Christina Morris; Grant Douglas; Maneesha P. Ginige; Guanyu Zheng; Lixiang Zhou; Anna H. Kaksonen. Sequential hydrotalcite precipitation and biological sulfate reduction for acid mine drainage treatment. Chemosphere 2020, 252, 126570 .

AMA Style

Su Yan, Ka Yu Cheng, Christina Morris, Grant Douglas, Maneesha P. Ginige, Guanyu Zheng, Lixiang Zhou, Anna H. Kaksonen. Sequential hydrotalcite precipitation and biological sulfate reduction for acid mine drainage treatment. Chemosphere. 2020; 252 ():126570.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Su Yan; Ka Yu Cheng; Christina Morris; Grant Douglas; Maneesha P. Ginige; Guanyu Zheng; Lixiang Zhou; Anna H. Kaksonen. 2020. "Sequential hydrotalcite precipitation and biological sulfate reduction for acid mine drainage treatment." Chemosphere 252, no. : 126570.

Journal article
Published: 17 September 2019 in Minerals
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Lithium ion battery (LIB) waste is increasing globally and contains an abundance of valuable metals that can be recovered for re-use. This study aimed to evaluate the recovery of metals from LIB waste leachate using hydrogen sulfide generated by a consortium of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in a lactate-fed fluidised bed reactor (FBR). The microbial community analysis showed Desulfovibrio as the most abundant genus in a dynamic and diverse bioreactor consortium. During periods of biogenic hydrogen sulfide production, the average dissolved sulfide concentration was 507 mg L−1 and the average volumetric sulfate reduction rate was 278 mg L−1 d−1. Over 99% precipitation efficiency was achieved for Al, Ni, Co, and Cu using biogenic sulfide and NaOH, accounting for 96% of the metal value contained in the LIB waste leachate. The purity indices of the precipitates were highest for Co, being above 0.7 for the precipitate at pH 10. However, the process was not selective for individual metals due to simultaneous precipitation and the complexity of the metal content of the LIB waste. Overall, the process facilitated the production of high value mixed metal precipitates, which could be purified further or used as feedstock for other processes, such as the production of steel.

ACS Style

Giles Calvert; Anna H. Kaksonen; Ka Yu Cheng; Jonovan Van Yken; Barbara Chang; Naomi J. Boxall. Recovery of Metals from Waste Lithium Ion Battery Leachates Using Biogenic Hydrogen Sulfide. Minerals 2019, 9, 563 .

AMA Style

Giles Calvert, Anna H. Kaksonen, Ka Yu Cheng, Jonovan Van Yken, Barbara Chang, Naomi J. Boxall. Recovery of Metals from Waste Lithium Ion Battery Leachates Using Biogenic Hydrogen Sulfide. Minerals. 2019; 9 (9):563.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giles Calvert; Anna H. Kaksonen; Ka Yu Cheng; Jonovan Van Yken; Barbara Chang; Naomi J. Boxall. 2019. "Recovery of Metals from Waste Lithium Ion Battery Leachates Using Biogenic Hydrogen Sulfide." Minerals 9, no. 9: 563.

Journal article
Published: 20 August 2019 in Water
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The prediction of the fate of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water recycling with urban stormwater and treated wastewater is important since PFAS are widely used, persistent, and have potential impacts on human health and the environment. These alternative water sources have been utilized for water recycling via aquifers or managed aquifer recharge (MAR). However, the fate of these chemicals in MAR schemes and the potential impact in terms of regulation have not been studied. PFAS can potentially be transported long distances in the subsurface during MAR. This article reviews the potential risks to MAR systems using recycled water and urban stormwater. To date, there are insufficient data to determine if PFAS can be degraded by natural processes or retained in the aquifer and become suitable pre-treatment or post-treatment technologies that will need to be employed depending upon the end use of the recovered water. The use of engineered pre-treatment or post-treatment methods needs to be based on a ‘fit for purpose’ principle and carefully integrated with the proposed water end use to ensure that human and environmental health risks are appropriately managed.

ACS Style

Declan Page; Joanne Vanderzalm; Anu Kumar; Ka Yu Cheng; Anna H. Kaksonen; Stuart Simpson. Risks of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) for Sustainable Water Recycling via Aquifers. Water 2019, 11, 1737 .

AMA Style

Declan Page, Joanne Vanderzalm, Anu Kumar, Ka Yu Cheng, Anna H. Kaksonen, Stuart Simpson. Risks of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) for Sustainable Water Recycling via Aquifers. Water. 2019; 11 (8):1737.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Declan Page; Joanne Vanderzalm; Anu Kumar; Ka Yu Cheng; Anna H. Kaksonen; Stuart Simpson. 2019. "Risks of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) for Sustainable Water Recycling via Aquifers." Water 11, no. 8: 1737.

Journal article
Published: 23 May 2019 in Nature Communications
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Microbial contribution to gold biogeochemical cycling has been proposed. However, studies have focused primarily on the influence of prokaryotes on gold reduction and precipitation through a detoxification-oriented mechanism. Here we show, fungi, a major driver of mineral bioweathering, can initiate gold oxidation under Earth surface conditions, which is of significance for dissolved gold species formation and distribution. Presence of the gold-oxidizing fungus TA_pink1, an isolate of Fusarium oxysporum, suggests fungi have the potential to substantially impact gold biogeochemical cycling. Our data further reveal that indigenous fungal diversity positively correlates with in situ gold concentrations. Hypocreales, the order of the gold-oxidizing fungus, show the highest centrality in the fungal microbiome of the auriferous environment. Therefore, we argue that the redox interaction between fungi and gold is critical and should be considered in gold biogeochemical cycling. The role of fungi in the biogeochemical cycling of gold remains unclear. Here the authors show that fungi can initiate gold oxidation under supergene conditions, thereby impacting gold mobilisation and secondary deposit formation in terrestrial environments.

ACS Style

Tsing Bohu; Ravi Anand; Ryan Noble; Mel Lintern; Anna H. Kaksonen; Yuan Mei; Ka Yu Cheng; Xiao Deng; Jean-Pierre Veder; Michael Bunce; Matthew Power; Michael Verrall. Evidence for fungi and gold redox interaction under Earth surface conditions. Nature Communications 2019, 10, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Tsing Bohu, Ravi Anand, Ryan Noble, Mel Lintern, Anna H. Kaksonen, Yuan Mei, Ka Yu Cheng, Xiao Deng, Jean-Pierre Veder, Michael Bunce, Matthew Power, Michael Verrall. Evidence for fungi and gold redox interaction under Earth surface conditions. Nature Communications. 2019; 10 (1):1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tsing Bohu; Ravi Anand; Ryan Noble; Mel Lintern; Anna H. Kaksonen; Yuan Mei; Ka Yu Cheng; Xiao Deng; Jean-Pierre Veder; Michael Bunce; Matthew Power; Michael Verrall. 2019. "Evidence for fungi and gold redox interaction under Earth surface conditions." Nature Communications 10, no. 1: 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 04 March 2019 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Sewage treatment plants are a potential point source for recycling of phosphorus (P). Several technologies have been proposed to biologically recover P from wastewater. The majority of these technologies are side-stream processes and rely on an external source of soluble organic carbon to facilitate P recovery. To date, no studies have demonstrated the potential to facilitate main-stream recovery of P, using carbon that is naturally present in wastewater. Simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal (SNDPR) is an elegant process that can uptake influent carbon and effectively remove both nitrogen (N) and P from wastewater. SNDPR studies to date, however, have failed to facilitate an end-of-anaerobic-phase P rich liquor, that enables economies of scale to recover influent P. Therefore, this study examined the feasibility of achieving a P rich liquor (e.g. > 70 mg-P/L) in a granular SNDPR process. A synthetic influent that replicated the nutrient and carbon concentrations of municipal wastewater was used to investigate whether carbon in the influent wastewater could enable both nutrient removal and P recovery from wastewater. Our granular SNDPR process was able to facilitate an end-of-anaerobic-phase liquor with P enriched to approximately 100 mg-P/L. A dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of 0.5 mg/L in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was found to be essential to achieve complete nutrient removal and a high P concentration at the end of the anaerobic phase. At this steady state of reactor operation, the abundance of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) was 2.6 times the abundance of glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs). The study also demonstrated the importance of denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms (DPAOs) and glycogen accumulating organisms (DGAOs) to achieve complete removal of N from the effluent. Compared to nitrifying bacteria, the polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) had a higher affinity towards DO. This study, for the first time, showed that the mainstream recovery of P is feasible using a SNDPR process.

ACS Style

Sara Salehi; Ka Yu Cheng; Anna Heitz; Maneesha P. Ginige. Simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus recovery (SNDPr) - An opportunity to facilitate full-scale recovery of phosphorus from municipal wastewater. Journal of Environmental Management 2019, 238, 41 -48.

AMA Style

Sara Salehi, Ka Yu Cheng, Anna Heitz, Maneesha P. Ginige. Simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus recovery (SNDPr) - An opportunity to facilitate full-scale recovery of phosphorus from municipal wastewater. Journal of Environmental Management. 2019; 238 ():41-48.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Salehi; Ka Yu Cheng; Anna Heitz; Maneesha P. Ginige. 2019. "Simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus recovery (SNDPr) - An opportunity to facilitate full-scale recovery of phosphorus from municipal wastewater." Journal of Environmental Management 238, no. : 41-48.

Journal article
Published: 16 November 2018 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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A quantitative approach for assessing hazards facilitates decision making on hazardous waste management practices. In this study, a scoring approach was developed to evaluate the physical, human health, environmental and amenity hazard aspects and risks (in case of exposure) of waste streams. The approach was based on the 15 hazard properties (HPs) defined in European Commission Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC and their related Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) hazard statement codes (H-codes). Additionally, amenity and other hazards including space requirement, odour, dust, vermin, visual impact, radioactivity and physical injury were considered. A score of 0–3 was assigned to each of the H-codes or amenity and other hazards. The scoring approach consisted of: 1) determining the waste composition; 2) searching H-codes based on waste composition and assigning H-codes to the associated HPs; 3) calculating the hazard score for each of the four hazard aspects; and 4) calculating the total score for each waste. Two methods were used to calculate the total hazard score for 29 hazardous wastes. The wastes were ranked over a hazard spectrum to indicate the potential degree of hazard. The new hazard scoring approach can be used for prioritising efforts in managing wastes.

ACS Style

Ka Yu Cheng; Pan Yu Wong; Chris Whitwell; Laura-Lee Innes; Anna H. Kaksonen. A new method for ranking potential hazards and risks from wastes. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2018, 365, 778 -788.

AMA Style

Ka Yu Cheng, Pan Yu Wong, Chris Whitwell, Laura-Lee Innes, Anna H. Kaksonen. A new method for ranking potential hazards and risks from wastes. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2018; 365 ():778-788.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ka Yu Cheng; Pan Yu Wong; Chris Whitwell; Laura-Lee Innes; Anna H. Kaksonen. 2018. "A new method for ranking potential hazards and risks from wastes." Journal of Hazardous Materials 365, no. : 778-788.

Journal article
Published: 14 November 2018 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Destruction of oxalate from alumina-refining process liquor is considered essential for many alumina refineries around the world. Some refineries have embraced the use of aerobic bioreactors as a cost-effective destruction method. These processes are often supplemented with an external nitrogen (N) source to facilitate microbial activity, even though such augmentations are undesirable due to increase of operational costs. Until now, there has also only been little information on oxalate degradation kinetics, although this knowledge is essential to design bioreactor processes. Hence, this study aimed at determining oxalate degradation kinetics in two aerobic packed bed biofilm reactors under both N supplemented and N-deficient conditions. Michaelis-Menten equation was used to derive kinetic parameters for specific oxalate degradation. The N-deficient culture had a higher affinity (Km of 458.4 vs. 541.9 mg/L) towards oxalate and a higher maximum specific oxalate removal rate (Vmax of 161.3 vs. 133.3 mg/(h·g biomass)) compared to the N-supplemented culture, suggesting that the N-deficient culture is better suited to remove oxalate. Microbial community analysis also showed differences in the composition of the two cultures. Based on the kinetic parameters derived, a novel two step oxalate removal process was proposed that capitalises on higher specific oxalate removal rates for efficient oxalate destruction from waste streams of alumina industry.

ACS Style

Tharanga N. Weerasinghe Mohottige; Anna H. Kaksonen; Ka Yu Cheng; Ranjan Sarukkalige; Maneesha P. Ginige. Kinetics of oxalate degradation in aerated packed-bed biofilm reactors under nitrogen supplemented and deficient conditions. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 211, 270 -280.

AMA Style

Tharanga N. Weerasinghe Mohottige, Anna H. Kaksonen, Ka Yu Cheng, Ranjan Sarukkalige, Maneesha P. Ginige. Kinetics of oxalate degradation in aerated packed-bed biofilm reactors under nitrogen supplemented and deficient conditions. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 211 ():270-280.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tharanga N. Weerasinghe Mohottige; Anna H. Kaksonen; Ka Yu Cheng; Ranjan Sarukkalige; Maneesha P. Ginige. 2018. "Kinetics of oxalate degradation in aerated packed-bed biofilm reactors under nitrogen supplemented and deficient conditions." Journal of Cleaner Production 211, no. : 270-280.

Contributors
Published: 12 October 2018 in Microbial Electrochemical Technology
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ACS Style

Rouzbeh Abbassi; Ibrahim M. Abu-Reesh; Juan S. Arcila; Kotakonda Arunasri; Juan Antonio Baeza; Enric Blázquez; Abhijeet P. Borole; Germán Buitrón; Sai Kishore Butti; René Cardeña; Carlos Castillo-Zacarias; Rashmi Chandra; K. Chandrasekhar; Ka Yu Cheng; Govinda Chilkoor; P. Chiranjeevi; Hulya Civelek Yoruklu; Nazua L. Costa; Debabrata Das; Ahmet Demir; Chirayu Desai; Pridhviraj Desale; Bipro Ranjan Dhar; Sangeetha Dharmalingam; Saurabh Sudha Dhiman; Ahmed El Mekawy; Adrian Escapa; J. Satya Eswari; Yujie Feng; Ana P. Fernandes; Bruno M. Fonseca; David Gabriel; Venkataramana Gadhamshetty; Lei Gao; Vikram Garaniya; Rajeev K. Gautam; Veera Gnaneswar Gude; Albert Guisasola; Weihua He; Hanaa M. Hegab; Manupati Hemalatha; Abid Hussain; Kunal Jain; Jenny Johnson; Sokhee P. Jung; Ramesh Kakarla; Vidhi Kalola; Rengasamy Karthikeyan; James Kilduff; Bahareh Kokabian; Sanath Kondaveeti; K. Vamshi Krishna; Vaidhegi Kugarajah; B. Sudheer Kumar; A. Kiran Kumar; A. Naresh Kumar; Hyung-Sool Lee; P.N.L. Lens; Alex J. Lewis; Da Li; Nan Li; Jia Liu; Wenzong Liu; Ricardo O. Louro; Datta Madamwar; Elena I. Mancera-Andrade; Raul Mateos; Booki Min; J. Annie Modestra; S. Venkata Mohan; Gunda Mohanakrishna; Antonio Moran; Y.V. Nancharaiah; G.N. Nikhil; Emre Oguz Koroglu; Bestami Ozkaya; Ashok Pandey; Soumya Pandit; Deepak Pant; Catarina M. Paquete; Alka Pareek; Piyush Parkhey; Roberto Parra-Saldívar; Sunil A. Patil; R.S. Prakasham; Navanietha K. Rathinam; Rohit Rathour; C. Nagendranatha Reddy; M. Venkateswar Reddy; Isaac Rivera; Shantonu Roy; David R. Salem; Rajesh K. Sani; Sambhu Saptoka; OmPrakash Sarkar; Uwe Schröder; Namita Shrestha; Ana V. Silva; J. Shanthi Sravan; Pratiksha Srivastava; Moogambigai Sugumar; Xiaohang Sun; Kuchi Swathi; Ekant Tamboli; Pier-Luc Tremblay; Inês B. Trindade; Karolien Vanbroekhoven; Jhansi L. Varanasi; Sunita Varjani; Ramya Veerubhotla; G. Velvizhi; Bhuvan Vemuri; Anil Verma; Ling Wang; Xin Wang; Ai-Jie Wang; Huanting Wang; Jonathan W.C. Wong; Lichao Xia; Asheesh Kumar Yadav; Dileep Kumar Yeruva; Tian Zhang. Contributors. Microbial Electrochemical Technology 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Rouzbeh Abbassi, Ibrahim M. Abu-Reesh, Juan S. Arcila, Kotakonda Arunasri, Juan Antonio Baeza, Enric Blázquez, Abhijeet P. Borole, Germán Buitrón, Sai Kishore Butti, René Cardeña, Carlos Castillo-Zacarias, Rashmi Chandra, K. Chandrasekhar, Ka Yu Cheng, Govinda Chilkoor, P. Chiranjeevi, Hulya Civelek Yoruklu, Nazua L. Costa, Debabrata Das, Ahmet Demir, Chirayu Desai, Pridhviraj Desale, Bipro Ranjan Dhar, Sangeetha Dharmalingam, Saurabh Sudha Dhiman, Ahmed El Mekawy, Adrian Escapa, J. Satya Eswari, Yujie Feng, Ana P. Fernandes, Bruno M. Fonseca, David Gabriel, Venkataramana Gadhamshetty, Lei Gao, Vikram Garaniya, Rajeev K. Gautam, Veera Gnaneswar Gude, Albert Guisasola, Weihua He, Hanaa M. Hegab, Manupati Hemalatha, Abid Hussain, Kunal Jain, Jenny Johnson, Sokhee P. Jung, Ramesh Kakarla, Vidhi Kalola, Rengasamy Karthikeyan, James Kilduff, Bahareh Kokabian, Sanath Kondaveeti, K. Vamshi Krishna, Vaidhegi Kugarajah, B. Sudheer Kumar, A. Kiran Kumar, A. Naresh Kumar, Hyung-Sool Lee, P.N.L. Lens, Alex J. Lewis, Da Li, Nan Li, Jia Liu, Wenzong Liu, Ricardo O. Louro, Datta Madamwar, Elena I. Mancera-Andrade, Raul Mateos, Booki Min, J. Annie Modestra, S. Venkata Mohan, Gunda Mohanakrishna, Antonio Moran, Y.V. Nancharaiah, G.N. Nikhil, Emre Oguz Koroglu, Bestami Ozkaya, Ashok Pandey, Soumya Pandit, Deepak Pant, Catarina M. Paquete, Alka Pareek, Piyush Parkhey, Roberto Parra-Saldívar, Sunil A. Patil, R.S. Prakasham, Navanietha K. Rathinam, Rohit Rathour, C. Nagendranatha Reddy, M. Venkateswar Reddy, Isaac Rivera, Shantonu Roy, David R. Salem, Rajesh K. Sani, Sambhu Saptoka, OmPrakash Sarkar, Uwe Schröder, Namita Shrestha, Ana V. Silva, J. Shanthi Sravan, Pratiksha Srivastava, Moogambigai Sugumar, Xiaohang Sun, Kuchi Swathi, Ekant Tamboli, Pier-Luc Tremblay, Inês B. Trindade, Karolien Vanbroekhoven, Jhansi L. Varanasi, Sunita Varjani, Ramya Veerubhotla, G. Velvizhi, Bhuvan Vemuri, Anil Verma, Ling Wang, Xin Wang, Ai-Jie Wang, Huanting Wang, Jonathan W.C. Wong, Lichao Xia, Asheesh Kumar Yadav, Dileep Kumar Yeruva, Tian Zhang. Contributors. Microbial Electrochemical Technology. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rouzbeh Abbassi; Ibrahim M. Abu-Reesh; Juan S. Arcila; Kotakonda Arunasri; Juan Antonio Baeza; Enric Blázquez; Abhijeet P. Borole; Germán Buitrón; Sai Kishore Butti; René Cardeña; Carlos Castillo-Zacarias; Rashmi Chandra; K. Chandrasekhar; Ka Yu Cheng; Govinda Chilkoor; P. Chiranjeevi; Hulya Civelek Yoruklu; Nazua L. Costa; Debabrata Das; Ahmet Demir; Chirayu Desai; Pridhviraj Desale; Bipro Ranjan Dhar; Sangeetha Dharmalingam; Saurabh Sudha Dhiman; Ahmed El Mekawy; Adrian Escapa; J. Satya Eswari; Yujie Feng; Ana P. Fernandes; Bruno M. Fonseca; David Gabriel; Venkataramana Gadhamshetty; Lei Gao; Vikram Garaniya; Rajeev K. Gautam; Veera Gnaneswar Gude; Albert Guisasola; Weihua He; Hanaa M. Hegab; Manupati Hemalatha; Abid Hussain; Kunal Jain; Jenny Johnson; Sokhee P. Jung; Ramesh Kakarla; Vidhi Kalola; Rengasamy Karthikeyan; James Kilduff; Bahareh Kokabian; Sanath Kondaveeti; K. Vamshi Krishna; Vaidhegi Kugarajah; B. Sudheer Kumar; A. Kiran Kumar; A. Naresh Kumar; Hyung-Sool Lee; P.N.L. Lens; Alex J. Lewis; Da Li; Nan Li; Jia Liu; Wenzong Liu; Ricardo O. Louro; Datta Madamwar; Elena I. Mancera-Andrade; Raul Mateos; Booki Min; J. Annie Modestra; S. Venkata Mohan; Gunda Mohanakrishna; Antonio Moran; Y.V. Nancharaiah; G.N. Nikhil; Emre Oguz Koroglu; Bestami Ozkaya; Ashok Pandey; Soumya Pandit; Deepak Pant; Catarina M. Paquete; Alka Pareek; Piyush Parkhey; Roberto Parra-Saldívar; Sunil A. Patil; R.S. Prakasham; Navanietha K. Rathinam; Rohit Rathour; C. Nagendranatha Reddy; M. Venkateswar Reddy; Isaac Rivera; Shantonu Roy; David R. Salem; Rajesh K. Sani; Sambhu Saptoka; OmPrakash Sarkar; Uwe Schröder; Namita Shrestha; Ana V. Silva; J. Shanthi Sravan; Pratiksha Srivastava; Moogambigai Sugumar; Xiaohang Sun; Kuchi Swathi; Ekant Tamboli; Pier-Luc Tremblay; Inês B. Trindade; Karolien Vanbroekhoven; Jhansi L. Varanasi; Sunita Varjani; Ramya Veerubhotla; G. Velvizhi; Bhuvan Vemuri; Anil Verma; Ling Wang; Xin Wang; Ai-Jie Wang; Huanting Wang; Jonathan W.C. Wong; Lichao Xia; Asheesh Kumar Yadav; Dileep Kumar Yeruva; Tian Zhang. 2018. "Contributors." Microbial Electrochemical Technology , no. : 1.

Short communication
Published: 20 September 2018 in Hydrometallurgy
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Microbial oxidation of ferrous to ferric iron allows efficient oxidative processing of sulfide minerals under ambient conditions. This study determined the effect of cell concentration of a mixed mesophilic microbial culture on iron oxidation rate, and evaluated if there was a cell concentration threshold that dictates a maximal volumetric iron oxidation rate. A bioreactor with feedback-loading of ferrous media was operated at 30 °C to maintain a redox potential of +480 mV vs. Ag/AgCl at pH of 1.3. A positive and linear correlation (R = 0.955) between the cell concentration (6.8 × 107–7.1 × 109 cells mL−1) and volumetric biological iron oxidation (up to 6.9 g L−1 h−1) was observed. The specific iron oxidation was not affected by cell concentration, and no biocatalytic threshold was observed. This indicated that a high cell concentration can be used to achieve a high volumetric iron oxidation rate, enabling the use of a compact reactor size.

ACS Style

Naomi J. Boxall; Ka Yu Cheng; Chris du Plessis; David Collinson; Christina Morris; Natalia Streltsova; Brigitte Seaman; David Seaman; Luke Vollert; Anna H. Kaksonen. Increasing cell concentration does not affect specific ferrous iron oxidation rate in a continuously stirred tank bioreactor. Hydrometallurgy 2018, 181, 189 -194.

AMA Style

Naomi J. Boxall, Ka Yu Cheng, Chris du Plessis, David Collinson, Christina Morris, Natalia Streltsova, Brigitte Seaman, David Seaman, Luke Vollert, Anna H. Kaksonen. Increasing cell concentration does not affect specific ferrous iron oxidation rate in a continuously stirred tank bioreactor. Hydrometallurgy. 2018; 181 ():189-194.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Naomi J. Boxall; Ka Yu Cheng; Chris du Plessis; David Collinson; Christina Morris; Natalia Streltsova; Brigitte Seaman; David Seaman; Luke Vollert; Anna H. Kaksonen. 2018. "Increasing cell concentration does not affect specific ferrous iron oxidation rate in a continuously stirred tank bioreactor." Hydrometallurgy 181, no. : 189-194.

Journal article
Published: 06 September 2018 in Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical
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Infectious diseases caused by pathogens (e.g. bacteria, viruses, protozoa) are the most common and widespread health risk associated with drinking water. Biofilms are known to harbour pathogens in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs). Disinfectant dosing (e.g. chlorination) is an effective method to control biofilm growth, but overdosing can lead to formation of harmful disinfection by-products. One approach to prevent overdosing is the development of a dynamic biofilm-sensing system that can guide disinfectant dosing on a real-time basis. This study explored the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and open circuit potential (OCP) measurements for the development of a real-time biofilm sensor. Two materials (graphite and stainless steel) were compared for their sensitivity as an electrode material for biofilm detection, using incubation experiments in which freshwater from a drinking water supply dam was the source of microbes for biofilm formation. EIS and OCP measurements were correlated with biofilm growth-related parameters (flow cytometer cell counts). Chlorination (4.4 mg Cl2/L) was included as a treatment. Among a range of electrochemical parameters determined, double-layer capacitance derived from the equivalent circuit model of EIS showed the strongest positive linear relationship with cell density for each electrode type (R2 > 0.9). Stainless steel was 10-fold more sensitive than graphite (2 × 10-5 vs. 2 × 10-6 % capacitance change/cell cm-2 ratio), suggesting that stainless steel is a more effective material for biofilm sensing. The observable changes in capacitance were exclusively triggered by biofilm formation, and chlorine residuals did not affect the capacitance of either electrode type. The results indicate the potential of using stainless steel for development of a practical biofilm sensor for water utilities.

ACS Style

Fahimeh Bimakr; Maneesha P. Ginige; Anna H. Kaksonen; David C. Sutton; Geoffrey Puzon; Ka Yu Cheng. Assessing graphite and stainless-steel for electrochemical sensing of biofilm growth in chlorinated drinking water systems. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 2018, 277, 526 -534.

AMA Style

Fahimeh Bimakr, Maneesha P. Ginige, Anna H. Kaksonen, David C. Sutton, Geoffrey Puzon, Ka Yu Cheng. Assessing graphite and stainless-steel for electrochemical sensing of biofilm growth in chlorinated drinking water systems. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 2018; 277 ():526-534.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fahimeh Bimakr; Maneesha P. Ginige; Anna H. Kaksonen; David C. Sutton; Geoffrey Puzon; Ka Yu Cheng. 2018. "Assessing graphite and stainless-steel for electrochemical sensing of biofilm growth in chlorinated drinking water systems." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 277, no. : 526-534.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2018 in Hydrometallurgy
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Since the discovery of microbiological metal dissolution, numerous biohydrometallurgical approaches have been developed to use microbially assisted aqueous extractive metallurgy for the recovery of metals from ores, concentrates, and recycled or residual materials. Biohydrometallurgy has helped to alleviate the challenges related to continually declining ore grades by transforming uneconomic ore resources to reserves. Engineering techniques used for biohydrometallurgy span from above ground reactor, vat, pond, heap and dump leaching to underground in situ leaching. Traditionally biohydrometallurgy has been applied to the bioleaching of base metals and uranium from sulfides and biooxidation of sulfidic refractory gold ores and concentrates before cyanidation. More recently the interest in using bioleaching for oxide ore and waste processing, as well as extracting other commodities such as rare earth elements has been growing. Bioprospecting, adaptation, engineering and storing of microorganisms has increased the availability of suitable biocatalysts for biohydrometallurgical applications. Moreover, the advancement of microbial characterisation methods has increased the understanding of microbial communities and their capabilities in the processes. This paper reviews recent progress in biohydrometallurgy and microbial characterisation

ACS Style

Anna H. Kaksonen; Naomi J. Boxall; Yosephine Gumulya; Himel Nahreen Khaleque; Christina Morris; TsingBohu(呼庆QingHu); Ka Yu Cheng; Kayley M. Usher; Aino-Maija Lakaniemi. Recent progress in biohydrometallurgy and microbial characterisation. Hydrometallurgy 2018, 180, 7 -25.

AMA Style

Anna H. Kaksonen, Naomi J. Boxall, Yosephine Gumulya, Himel Nahreen Khaleque, Christina Morris, TsingBohu(呼庆QingHu), Ka Yu Cheng, Kayley M. Usher, Aino-Maija Lakaniemi. Recent progress in biohydrometallurgy and microbial characterisation. Hydrometallurgy. 2018; 180 ():7-25.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna H. Kaksonen; Naomi J. Boxall; Yosephine Gumulya; Himel Nahreen Khaleque; Christina Morris; TsingBohu(呼庆QingHu); Ka Yu Cheng; Kayley M. Usher; Aino-Maija Lakaniemi. 2018. "Recent progress in biohydrometallurgy and microbial characterisation." Hydrometallurgy 180, no. : 7-25.