The present study aimed to analyse the published data and to realize an update about the use and pathogenesis of the novel antidiabetic drugs, respectively, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 Ra), and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i), in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Literature research in the PubMed and Web of Science database was performed in order to identify relevant published clinical trials and meta-analyses that include information about the treatment with novel antidiabetic agents in patients with T2DM and COVID-19. A total of seven articles were included, and their primary and secondary outcomes were reported and analysed. DPP-4i has mixed results on mortality in T2DM patients with COVID-19 but with an overall slightly favourable or neutral effect, whereas GLP-1 Ra seems to have a rather beneficial impact, while SGLT-2i may be useful in acute illness. Even if there are limited data, they seem to have favourable efficacy and safety profiles. The available evidence is heterogenous and insufficient to evaluate if the benefits of non-insulin novel antidiabetic drugs in COVID-19 treatment are due to the improvement of glycaemic control or to their intrinsic anti-inflammatory effects but highlights their beneficial effects in the pathogenesis and evolution of the disease.

Objectives. As weight modification during the COVID-19 pandemic was reported in several circumstances, we aimed to assess the body composition changes using bio impedance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) during this period. Materials and Methods. We conducted an observational, retrospective study, from January 2021–June 2021, in two outpatient clinics, enrolling all patients with T2DM and SARS-CoV2 infection that presented for evaluation after the infection. Blood tests (serum creatinine, urea, blood glucose, lipid profile, transaminases, HbA1c) were available before the onset of infection as well as at an interval of 1–3 months post-infection. Results. From a total of 118 patients, 101 subjects were eligible, 50.5% males. 68.6% had a mild form of SARS-CoV2 infection. There is a significant decrease in mean weight (91.9 ± 26.00 kg before and 90.00 ± 23.00 kg after infection vs. control, p < 0.05), body mass index (31.80 ± 8.89 kg/m² before and 30.47 ± 8.48 after infection vs. control, p < 0.05), and visceral fat (15.00 ± 8.00% vs. 14.5 ± 7.25%) after infection. Median HbA1c increased in patients that were infected (6.5 ± 1.5 before vs. 7.1 ± 1.5 after infection, non-significant) and significantly decreased in the control group (7.0 ± 2.3 % vs. 6.4 ± 1.00%). We did not find any significant correlation between weight decrease and clinical or biological parameters in the SARS-CoV2 group. Conclusions. Weight, body mass index, and visceral fat decreased at 3-month follow-up in T2DM subjects with SARS-CoV2 infection vs controls.