A benchmark between various radiation monitors employed at CERN for Radiation to Electronics applications and their simulated values with the FLUKA Monte Carlo is performed at the CHARM mixed field irradiation facility. Comparisons are made for different operational conditions, using data recorded in the 2015-2018 period.

We perform Single Event Effects (SEE) tests with well-characterized fully fragmented (i.e., beyond Bragg peak) high-energy heavy-ion beams and compare the results with those expected from conventional, mono-Linear Energy Transfer (LET) measurements, showing a satisfactory level of agreement between the two. This compliance paves the way to the exploitation of simulation tools for accurately quantifying the ion fragmentation impact on SEE rates for both ground-level testing conditions and space Galactic Cosmic Ray environments with electronics operating behind significant thicknesses of shielding. The satisfactory agreement level is also encouraging in view of the possible usage of fragmented heavy ion beams for ground-level SEE testing of electronics.

We study the radiation environment near the terahertz (THz) dump of the CERN Linear Electron Accelerator for Research (CLEAR) electron accelerator at CERN, using FLUktuierende KAskade in German (FLUKA) simulations and single-event upset (SEU) measurements taken with 32-Mbit Integrated Silicon Solution Inc. (ISSI) static random access memories (SRAMs). The main focus is on the characterization of the neutron field to evaluate its suitability for radiation tests of electronics in comparison with other irradiation facilities. Neutrons at CLEAR are produced via photonuclear reactions, mostly initiated by photons from the electromagnetic cascades that occur when the beam is absorbed by the dump structure. Good agreement is generally found between the measured single-event upset (SEU) rates and the expected values obtained from FLUKA simulations and the known SEU response of the ISSI SRAMs to neutrons, while one position is found to be potentially affected by photon-driven SEUs.

Ultra-high energy (> 5 GeV/n) heavy ion beams exhibit different properties when compared to standard and high energy ion beams. Most notably, fragmentation is a fundamental feature of the beam that may have important implications for electronics testing given the ultra-high energies, and hence ranges, preserved by the fragments. In this work, both the primary lead ion beam, available in the CERN North Area, and its fragments are characterized by means of solid-state detectors. This input is later used to improve the measurements of Single Event Effects in commercial components with this beam. Moreover, the energy deposition distribution in the solid-state detectors is compared to that obtained with Monte Carlo simulations.

The Upgrade II of the Large Hadron Collider beauty (LHCb) experiment is proposed to be installed during the CERN Long Shutdown 4, aiming to operate LHCb at $1.5\times {10}^{34}{\mathrm{cm}}^{-2}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ that is 75 times its design luminosity [1] and reaching an integrated luminosity of about $400{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ by the end of the High Luminosity LHC era. This increase of the data sample at LHCb is an unprecedented opportunity for heavy flavor physics measurements. A first upgrade of LHCb (Upgrade I), completed in 2022, has already implemented important changes of the LHCb detector and, for the Upgrade II, further detector improvements of the tracking system, the particle identification system and the online and trigger infrastructure are being considered. Such a luminosity increase will have an impact not only on the LHCb detector but also on the LHC magnets, cryogenics, and electronic equipment placed in the insertion region 8. In fact, the LHCb experiment was conceived to work at a much lower luminosity than ATLAS and CMS, implying minor requirements for protection of the LHC elements from the collision debris, and therefore, a different layout around the interaction point. The Upgrade I has already implied the installation of an absorber for the neutral particle debris (TANB). However, the luminosity target proposed for this second upgrade requires to review the layout of the entire insertion region in order to ensure safe operation of the LHC magnets and to mitigate the risk of failure of the electronic devices. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the implications of the Upgrade II of LHCb in the experimental cavern and in the tunnel with a focus on the LHCb detector, electronic devices, and accelerator magnets. This proves that the Upgrade II luminosity goal can be sustained with the implementation of protection systems for magnets and electronics. The electronics placed in the experimental areas and in the cavern needs to be protected to mitigate a single event effect risk, which may imply recurring downtime of the LHC. On the other hand, protection for the first quadrupole of the final focus triplet and for the separation dipole are needed to prevent their quench and to reach the desired lifetime. Moreover, the normal-conducting compensators require the installation of shielding to limit their head coil degradation.

The Target Absorbers for Neutrals (TANs) are located in a high intensity radiation environment inside the tunnel of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). TANs are positioned about 140 m downstream from the beam interaction points. Seven 40-cm long fused silica rods with different dopant specifications were irradiated in the TAN by the Beam RAte of Neutrals (BRAN) detector group during $p+p$ data taking from 2016 to 2018 at the LHC. The peak dose delivered to the fused silica rods was 18 MGy. We report measurements of the ${}^{22}\mathrm{Na}$ activation of the fused silica rods carried out at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Argonne National Laboratory. At the end of the irradiation campaign, the maximum ${}^{22}\mathrm{Na}$ activity observed was $A=21\mathrm{kBq}/\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^3$ corresponding to a density, $\rho =2.5\times {10}^{12}/\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^3$, of ${}^{22}\mathrm{Na}$ nuclei. fluka Monte Carlo simulations have been performed by the CERN fluka team to estimate ${}^{22}\mathrm{Na}$ activities for the irradiated BRAN rod samples. The simulations reproduce the ${}^{22}\mathrm{Na}$ activity profile measured along the rods, with a 35% underestimation of the experimental measurement results.