The scoping review examines and summarises the available knowledge base on intervention techniques focused on positive memories. An iterative series of PsycInfo and Medline searches was conducted up to April 2021 following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Thirty-nine studies, spanning 12 intervention techniques, were selected and described including: (1) theoretical basis; (2) type of study, sample, and measures; (3) intervention protocol; and (4) results of empirical studies if applicable. Results indicated that most techniques have only been tested in one-two studies with modest sample sizes and, when follow-ups are conducted, they are typically short. Results indicate that working with positive memories has the greatest impact on improving positive affect and reducing depressive symptoms, and that these effects are often temporary. This review serves as a quick reference guide to help professionals’ access to descriptions and information on empirical evidence of positive memory techniques, improving their therapeutic arsenal to enhance well-being and therapeutic outcomes in their patients.

Previous evidence showed that Maladaptive Daydreaming (MD) is positively associated with different Problematic Online Behaviors (POBs). This study aimed to investigate the mutual relationship between MD and several POBs. Data were collected from 1209 participants, aged 18-73 (M = 30.59, SD = 12.26), through self-report questionnaires assessing MD and POBs, including problematic online gambling, problematic online gaming, problematic cybersex, Problematic Social Media Use (PSMU), problematic online shopping, and cyberchondria. Two psychometric network analyses were performed to examine the associations between all POBs at item levels, and between MD and POBs at construct levels. Results revealed six distinct communities, supporting the specificity of each POB. Furthermore, MD was found to be more strongly associated with PSMU and cyberchondria, and weakly associated with problematic online gaming, problematic cybersex, and problematic online shopping. The mutual relationships between MD and POBs might have relevant implications for the assessment and treatment of these clinical conditions.

Background: Focusing on positive memories as a complement to trauma-focused interventions for intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) could contribute to enhancing the recovery from trauma with the development of a more integrated and emotionally modulated autobiographical narrative.Objective: To test the effectiveness of a trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) tailored for IPVAW that incorporates the evocation of positive memories.Methods: Female survivors of IPVAW entered a randomized controlled trial comparing trauma-focused CBT for IPVAW (CBT; n = 35) to a version that incorporates the evocation of positive memories (CBT-M+; n = 44) and to a waitlist (WL; n = 12) control group. Pre and post measures were obtained for: posttraumatic stress, meaning of trauma, affect, emotional regulation, associated symptoms, self-concept and overall functioning.Results: A total of 43.04% of women who entered treatment dropped out, without significant treatment differences. Pre-post changes were not significant for the WL; both treatments resulted in significant improvements, with good effect sizes, for posttraumatic stress (g = 0.78 and g = 1.00 for CBT and CBT-M+, respectively), meaning of trauma, affect, associated symptoms, self-concept and overall functioning, but not in emotional regulation. There were no significant differences between CBT and CBT-M+ in the direct comparisons; however, the effect sizes showed better effects of CBT for centrality of the IPVAW, whereas they favoured CBT-M+ for PTSD, depression, self-esteem and impairment measures. No clinically significant change was reached for the WL, while both treatments significantly reduced the percentage of women with PTSD and self-esteem problems; additionally, the percentage of women with depression and impairment problems in the CBT-M+ group was significantly decreased.Conclusions: Although there were few differences between both treatments, CBT-M+ seemed to have a greater effect, pointing to the potential of the inclusion of the evocation of positive memories that should be further researched.

This research analyses the factors that could be involved in the insecurity perceived by the inhabitants of 69 neighbourhoods in Barcelona from the possible influence of the adjacent neighbourhoods. A set of variables are constructed from different sources to measure their influence on the insecurity perceived by residents. Ordinary least-squares regression models were replaced by others that consider the spatial dependence of the data. The results show that when controlling for the influence of adjacent neighbourhoods, ethnic heterogeneity, satisfaction with police services, social disorder, and socio-economic status are significantly related with the insecurity perceived in each neighbourhood. However, when spatial autocorrelation is corrected, crime density in the neighbourhood is not related to perceptions of insecurity, nor there is clear evidence that insecurity is affected by crime levels in adjacent neighbourhoods. El presente estudio analiza los factores que pudieran estar implicados en la percepción de inseguridad por parte de los habitantes de 69 barrios de Barcelona a partir de la posible influencia de los vecindarios colindantes. Se construyeron una serie de variables a partir de distintas fuentes con el objetivo de medir la influencia de estas en la inseguridad percibida por parte de los residentes. Los modelos de regresión de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios se han sustituido por otros que consideran la dependencia espacial de los datos. Los resultados muestran que cuando se controla la influencia de los barrios adyacentes la heterogeneidad étnica, la satisfacción con los servicios policiales, el desorden social y el estatus socioeconómico se relacionan significativamente con la inseguridad percibida en cada barrio. No obstante, cuando se corrige la autocorrelación espacial, la densidad delictiva en el barrio no está relacionada con la percepción de inseguridad y tampoco existe evidencia clara de que esta esté afectada por los niveles delictivos en los barrios adyacentes.

Background/Objectives: Discrimination is a phenomenon of special relevance in adolescence, as this is a key period in the development of young people, so measures that accurately and reliably assess it are essential. The aim of this research is to study the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Everyday Discrimination Scale in a sample of Spanish adolescents. Methods: The scale was applied to 1000 adolescents using Computer Assistance Web Interview (CAWI) methodology by means of a stratified random sampling by age, gender and territorial distribution. Results: The results reveal an unifactorial structure of the scale, with adequate measures of reliability and validity that confirm that it is a suitable instrument for assessing everyday discrimination in this population. Conclusions: This study has implications for understanding the experiences of discrimination in adolescents and for developing interventions to reduce discrimination and promote equality. Limitations and implications for the future are also discussed.