Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) is one of the most economically important pests of potato, tomato, and peppers in Central America, Mexico, the United States, and New Zealand. Its control is based on the use of insecticides; however, recently, the potential of the eulophid parasitoid Tamarixia triozae (Burks) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) for population regulation has been studied. Because T. triozae is likely to be exposed to insecticides on crops, the objective of this study was to explore the compatibility of eight insecticides with this parasitoid. The toxicity and residual activity (persistence) of spirotetramat, spiromesifen, beta-cyfluthrin, pymetrozine, azadirachtin, imidacloprid, abamectin, and spinosad against T. triozae adults were assessed using a method based on the residual contact activity of each insecticide on tomato leaf discs collected from treated plants growing under greenhouse conditions. All eight insecticides were toxic to T. triozae. Following the classification of the International Organization of Biological Control, the most toxic were abamectin and spinosad, which could be placed in toxicity categories 3 and 4, respectively. The least toxic were azadirachtin, pymetrozine, spirotetramat, spiromesifen, imidacloprid, and beta-cyfluthrin, which could be placed in toxicity category 2. In terms of persistence, by day 5, 6, 9, 11, 13, 24, and 41 after application, spirotetramat, azadirachtin, spiromesifen, pymetrozine, imidacloprid, beta-cyfluthrin, abamectin, and spinosad could be considered harmless, that is, placed in toxicity category 1 (<25% mortality of adults). The toxicity and residual activity of some of these insecticides allow them to be considered within integrated pest management programs that include T. triozae.

Summary The presence of Zaprionus indianus, Drosophila suzukii, and Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Nezahualcóyotl var. fig fruits is reported in commercial greenhouse plantations in the state of Morelos, Mexico. The area planted with fig has been increasing in this region, due to the opening of new markets; therefore, these pests represent a phytosanitary problem for the crop. The adults of Z. indianus emerged from ripe and overripe fig fruits, whereas the other 2 species only from overripe fruits. Sumario En el presente estudio, se reporta la presencia de Zaprionus indianus, Drosophila suzukii y Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) en frutos de higo variedad Nezahualcóyotl en plantaciones comerciales cultivadas en invernadero, en el estado de Morelos, México. La superficie sembrada de higo se ha incrementado en esta región debido a la apertura de nuevos mercados, por lo que estas plagas representan un problema fitosanitario para el cultivo. Los adultos de Z. indianus emergieron de frutos de higo en varios estados de madurez y las otras 2 especies únicamente de frutos sobremaduros.

Resumen. Salivazo o mosca pinta aplica a varias especies de insectos de la familia Cercopidae, que constituyen una importante plaga de la caña de azúcar (Saccharum sp.) en el trópico mexicano, las cuales suelen completar su ciclo de vida en otras plantas que se desarrollan como arvenses. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar las especies de mosca pinta y de arvenses hospederas de éstas, confinando 127 ninfas, de las que se colectaron 76 adultos, 51 de Aeneolamia contigua Walker, y 25 de Prosapia simulans Walker, localizadas en 13 especies de plantas arvenses. La mayor abundancia de especies de mosca pinta se encontró en Paspalum fasciculatum, Rottboellia cochinchinensis, y Pennisetum purpureum. Aeneolamia contigua se reporta por primera vez en Panicum laxum, Pennisetum setaceum y Urochloa fusca, y Prosapia simulans en U. fusca y Synedrella nodiflora, esta última es el primer registro de una planta que no es Poaceae. Spittlebug apply to more than one species of insects of the Cercopidae family, an important pest of sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) plantations in the Mexican tropics, which typically complete their life cycle in other plants that grow like weeds. The aim of this research was to identify both spittlebugs and their host weed species by confining 127 nymphs on exclusions of wire and mesh; 76 adult spittlebugs were captured, 51 Aeneolamia contigua Walker and 25 Prosapia simulans Walker, in 13 species of weeds. The most abundant species was found in Paspalum fasciculatum, Rottboellia cochinchinensis, and Pennisetum purpureum. Aeneolamia contigua is reported for the first time in Panicum laxum, Pennisetum setaceum, and Urochloa fusca and Prosapia simulans in U. fusca and Synedrella nodiflora.

Soil pests of cruciferous crops in Mexico have been gaining importance in recent years; such is the case of Delia spp. (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera, Anthomyiidae), of which, to date, there are no studies on the correct identification of associated species, as well as the range of hosts. In an integrated pest management program, it is essential to know this information to design and implement adequate phytosanitary measures. Plants infested by Delia spp. were collected in the states of Guanajuato, Puebla, and Mexico from June to November 2017 and March to December 2018 in commercial plantations of cruciferous crops (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica, botrytis and capitata), B. napus L., and Raphanus sativus L.) as well as some cruciferous weeds (R. raphanistrum L., Sisymbrium irio L., B. campestris L., Capsella bursa-pastoris L., and Lepidium virginicum L.) in the edges of these crops. The two species found in this study, Delia planipalpis (Stein) and Delia platura (Meigen), identified using male genitalia was corroborated by molecular techniques. Both species emerged from all the sampled hosts, except for C. bursa-pastoris and L. virginicum. The association of the two species in cruciferous crops and weeds, provides valuable information for the management of these insects not only in cruciferous crops but other ones that are strongly attacked by D. platura.

The soursop Annona muricata is an important fruit for national market, and for exportation, but the crop is affected by pests and diseases. The seed borer wasp Bephratelloides cubensis Ashmead is the pest that produces the highest damage to the crop in Mexico. Sixty percent of damaged fruits and 5-50 seeds per fruit have been registered, with 25% reduction in yield. In Nayarit, Mexico, 100% of damaged fruits were recorded. In this State, an experiment with soursop was conducted to study the life cycle under field conditions and to determine diurnal behavior of the female of B. cubensis. The highest activity of the wasp was observed between 12:00h and 13:00h (35ºC, 54% RH and 409.34 luxes). Females oviposited in fruits with a diameter of 3.1-7.6 cm. Larvae of B. cubensis developed five instars, adults survived no longer than 22 days, and female survived longer than males; they lived 22 and 15 days, respectively. Life cycle of B. cubensis varied from 69 to 122 days.

Berries are agricultural products of great economic interest for Mexico, and their production has increased in recent years; however, crops are affected by tortricid leafrollers. From August 2019 to April 2021 in Michoacán and Guanajuato, Mexico, a study was conducted to determine the species of tortricids associated with blackberries (Rubusspp. L.), raspberries (Rubus idaeusL.) and strawberries (Fragaria × ananassaDuch.), as well as their altitudinal distribution. In 12 orchards located in these states, shoots, leaves and flowers infested by larvae were collected. The species were identified by male genitalia and were determined taxonomically asAmorbia cuneana(Walsingham, 1879),Argyrotaenia montezumae(Walsingham, 1914) andPlatynotasp. Walker, 1859, found at elevations from 1290 to 2372 m. The most abundant species wereA. cuneanaandA. montezumae. Generally, these tortricids prefer to feed on tender vegetative parts of the plant, but the economic impact they have is not known. It is worth mentioning that the number of species found is lower than those reported in other countries, but it is necessary to broaden the study area to other berry-producing regions to determine whether their distribution is wider.