In response to the global climate challenge and the increasing demand for energy, exploring renewable energy alternatives has become crucial. Bio-oils derived from biomass pyrolysis are emerging as potential replacements for fossil fuel-based liquid fuels. This paper shares findings from the Institute of Energy and Fuel Processing Technology on the quality of crude biomass pyrolysis bio-oil samples. These findings highlight their potential as motor liquid fuels. The article details the results of tests on the physicochemical properties of four distinct bio-oil samples. Additionally, it presents preliminary test results on the hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oils in a batch reactor. The production of homogeneous, stable mixtures using other fuel additives, such as diesel oil, rapeseed methyl ester (RME), and butanol, is also discussed.

A new method for the measurement of solid fuel reactivity towards carbon dioxide has been developed. This new method takes into account high-pressure and temperature effects. Three devolatilized carbonaceous materials have been used in experiments: chars derived from lignite, bituminous coal and blast furnace coke. Processes were carried out at temperatures of 800, 850 and 900 °C and pressures of 1.52, 2.5 and 3.4 MPa. Analysis of the product gas composition was carried out with the maximum degree of conversion of CO₂ (α_m) proposed as a representative reactivity parameter. Arrhenius and Eyring relationships have been analyzed, and values of the activation energy and activation volume have been calculated.

The article presents results of the research on the use of chars produced during pyrolysis of residual biomass as a substitutional fuel in the iron ore sintering process. Such an approach allows to implement circular economy and industrial symbiosis to the iron and steel branches. The effect of the substitution of conventional coke breeze fuel used in sintering on final sinter quality and emission was examined. With regard to productivity, fuel consumption, and properties of the sinter it was shown that the share of tested biochars in fuel may be kept at 10, and up to 30 wt.%, depending on the biochar type. It was observed that with the use of the biochars, the content of iron oxide in the sinter decreased, which was advantageous. Moreover, the sinter obtained in the presence of biochars was characterized with better strength and abrasion than the sinter obtained with coke breeze-based fuel, improving the final product quality. The presence of biochar influenced the raw exhaust gas composition and resulted in a slight increase of organic and inorganic carbon compounds content, while the amount of sulfur oxides was noticeably decreased. It was concluded that the biochars may be applied in the sintering process at established share in the fuel stream.