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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are spreading their usage in many areas, including last-mile distribution. In this research, a UAV is used for performing light parts delivery to workstation operators within a manufacturing plant, where GPS is no valid solution for indoor positioning. A generic localization solution is designed to provide navigation using RFID received signal strength measures and sonar values. A system on chip computer is onboarded with two missions: first, compute positioning and provide communication with backend software; second, provide an artificial vision system that cooperates with UAV’s navigation to perform landing procedures. An Industrial Internet of Things solution is defined for workstations to allow wireless mesh communication between the logistics vehicle and the backend software. Design is corroborated through experiments that validate planned solutions.
Pedro Orgeira-Crespo; Carlos Ulloa; Guillermo Rey-Gonzalez; José Pérez García. Methodology for Indoor Positioning and Landing of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in a Smart Manufacturing Plant for Light Part Delivery. Electronics 2020, 9, 1680 .
AMA StylePedro Orgeira-Crespo, Carlos Ulloa, Guillermo Rey-Gonzalez, José Pérez García. Methodology for Indoor Positioning and Landing of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in a Smart Manufacturing Plant for Light Part Delivery. Electronics. 2020; 9 (10):1680.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro Orgeira-Crespo; Carlos Ulloa; Guillermo Rey-Gonzalez; José Pérez García. 2020. "Methodology for Indoor Positioning and Landing of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in a Smart Manufacturing Plant for Light Part Delivery." Electronics 9, no. 10: 1680.
This research paper introduces a mathematical model to predict the performance of photovoltaic–thermal systems (PV-T), based on a thin layer flexible panel and an air pipe, by using the Trnsys® software tool to simulate energetic systems. The main advantage of these types of panels is their easy portability, making them ideal to address thermal needs in several scenarios. In the military field, there is an important concern about the use of sustainable energy; for instance, cooling facilities for infantry tents used in their deployments. In this research, a PV-T panel to cover electrical power needs for an infantry’s hangar unmanned air vehicle (UAV) is introduced. The proposed thermal model, based on the novelty of inertial mass (lump) as an approach to real panel behavior, has been validated through the comparison between Trnsys’ model simulation data, a real weather station, and data obtained in a test bed. Genopt’s simulation software is used to fit the model, allowing for the prediction of heat transmission coefficient values. The good match between simulated and experimental data makes the proposed model suitable for the photovoltaic–thermal prediction of panel behavior.
Pedro Orgeira-Crespo; Carlos Ulloa; José M. Núñez; José A. Pérez. Development of a Transient Model of a Lightweight, Portable and Flexible Air-Based PV-T Module for UAV Shelter Hangars. Energies 2020, 13, 2889 .
AMA StylePedro Orgeira-Crespo, Carlos Ulloa, José M. Núñez, José A. Pérez. Development of a Transient Model of a Lightweight, Portable and Flexible Air-Based PV-T Module for UAV Shelter Hangars. Energies. 2020; 13 (11):2889.
Chicago/Turabian StylePedro Orgeira-Crespo; Carlos Ulloa; José M. Núñez; José A. Pérez. 2020. "Development of a Transient Model of a Lightweight, Portable and Flexible Air-Based PV-T Module for UAV Shelter Hangars." Energies 13, no. 11: 2889.
The use of renewable energy is spreading also to the military field. Its implementation in army forward bases has three clear advantages: an economic benefit lowering consumptions, an environmental profit reducing emissions, and a strategic interest minimizing risks in supplies. This paper presents a methodology for the design of a photovoltaic-thermal system (PV-T) to supply heat and electricity to military tents in forward facilities. UAV shelter hangars used by infantry forces have been chosen to implement this equipment. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been chosen to explain its application to designing the PV-T system. A CFD analysis of different design alternatives was performed in order to quantify decision making criteria and subcriteria. The best performance design was used to build a test bench of the system, using an Arduino-based platform. Telemetry is used to remotely register PV-T module parameters. Experimental data obtained was implemented as boundary conditions to validate the CFD model of the PV-T system, and heat exchange models were implemented using UDF (user defined functions) in ANSYS® FLUENT®. A making decision method was successfully applied to define a methodology for geometrical design, using CFD simulation to determine necessary parameters to quantify criteria and subcriteria defined in the AHP.
Carlos Ulloa; José M. Nuñez; ChengXian Lin; Guillermo Rey. AHP-based design method of a lightweight, portable and flexible air-based PV-T module for UAV shelter hangars. Renewable Energy 2018, 123, 767 -780.
AMA StyleCarlos Ulloa, José M. Nuñez, ChengXian Lin, Guillermo Rey. AHP-based design method of a lightweight, portable and flexible air-based PV-T module for UAV shelter hangars. Renewable Energy. 2018; 123 ():767-780.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Ulloa; José M. Nuñez; ChengXian Lin; Guillermo Rey. 2018. "AHP-based design method of a lightweight, portable and flexible air-based PV-T module for UAV shelter hangars." Renewable Energy 123, no. : 767-780.
The modeling of propellers is a topic of interest, with the growing use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). Due to the complexity of their geometries, the theoretical models proposed are very simplified and the best approximation to their performances is the experimental or the CFD approaches. Currently, there are many scientific works published with information regarding the operation of commercial models of propellers for drones. In the present work the approximation to propellers modeling from a Eulerian point of view is introduced. It is also exposed how the nondimensional parameters of propellers propulsion are obtained. Using these parameters, a methodology to obtain the necessary power, thrust and performance of the propeller, from the velocity of the mass of air, the diameter of the propeller, and its speed of rotation, is proposed. The presented methodology intends to use the abundant scientific studies in wind tunnel to adjust regression equations applied to curves of performance. Finally, it is proposed the design of a black box that predicts the operation of the drone propellers, introducing the regression equations in a “black-box” model.
Carlos Ulloa; Guillermo Rey; Victor M. Padron; Jose M. Nunez. USE OF OPEN SOURCE TOOLS AND WIND TUNNEL DATA IN UAV PROPELLER MODELING FOR DYNAMIC SIMULATION. 2018 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS) 2018, 335 -339.
AMA StyleCarlos Ulloa, Guillermo Rey, Victor M. Padron, Jose M. Nunez. USE OF OPEN SOURCE TOOLS AND WIND TUNNEL DATA IN UAV PROPELLER MODELING FOR DYNAMIC SIMULATION. 2018 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). 2018; ():335-339.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Ulloa; Guillermo Rey; Victor M. Padron; Jose M. Nunez. 2018. "USE OF OPEN SOURCE TOOLS AND WIND TUNNEL DATA IN UAV PROPELLER MODELING FOR DYNAMIC SIMULATION." 2018 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS) , no. : 335-339.
In this work, the development of a test bench for a thermal photovoltaic panel (PV-T) is presented. A PV-T panel has been designed and it is necessary to develop a test bench to obtain experimental data for thermal and electrical modelling. Data acquisition of the different sensors and actuators on the test bench is done using a self-developed Open Source system based on Arduino platform. The system is implemented in the town of Marín, province of Pontevedra (Spain). In this paper the parameters to be controlled, and the instrumentation chosen, as well as the operation of the Arduino based system, are explained. Finally, a sample of the obtained experimental results is presented.
Carlos Ulloa; José María Núñez; Andrés Suárez; ChengXian Lin. Design and development of a PV-T test bench based on Arduino. Energy Procedia 2017, 141, 71 -75.
AMA StyleCarlos Ulloa, José María Núñez, Andrés Suárez, ChengXian Lin. Design and development of a PV-T test bench based on Arduino. Energy Procedia. 2017; 141 ():71-75.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Ulloa; José María Núñez; Andrés Suárez; ChengXian Lin. 2017. "Design and development of a PV-T test bench based on Arduino." Energy Procedia 141, no. : 71-75.
It is thought that there are 14 million standardised sea containers out of order, equal to 23.3 million twenty-foot equivalent unit (TEU), which could be devoted for other purposes. The COR-TEN®steel containers are the best, due to the features of the materials, to be used in applications intended for the accommodation of people. One of the uses is framed in the area of humanitarian help, as service modules in areas of social emergency. Moreover, the deployment of these kinds of modules is quite simple, as the Army is generally able to transport containers in its units. In this project we have selected three typologies of service modules and we have designed modules based on sea containers which can fit into these typologies. The container chosen to be recycled is the 1 TEU, to which the closings and divisions are defined, which must reflect the different typologies of the service modules chosen. Afterwards, a study of thermal charges is carried out on three different settings of service modules located in five locations spread in different climate areas. Throughout a thermal simulation in Trnsys® (V17, Thermal Energy System Specialists, LLC, Madison, WI, USA), the consumption and maximum demand of heat and cold are analysed. Based on these results, the best equipment to cover the energy demand of the modules analysed in this study could be chosen. Moreover, the results can be used to estimate the operational costs of the deployment of the modules.
Carlos Ulloa; María Elena Arce; Guillermo Rey; José Luis Míguez; José Hernández. Recycling COR-TEN® Sea Containers into Service Modules for Military Applications: Thermal Analysis. Energies 2017, 10, 820 .
AMA StyleCarlos Ulloa, María Elena Arce, Guillermo Rey, José Luis Míguez, José Hernández. Recycling COR-TEN® Sea Containers into Service Modules for Military Applications: Thermal Analysis. Energies. 2017; 10 (6):820.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Ulloa; María Elena Arce; Guillermo Rey; José Luis Míguez; José Hernández. 2017. "Recycling COR-TEN® Sea Containers into Service Modules for Military Applications: Thermal Analysis." Energies 10, no. 6: 820.
Tri-generation plants will have an important role in the near future in the residential sector where heating and cooling demands come into play throughout the year. Depending on the building’s location, the characteristics of its enclosure and its use, the thermal loads and demands will be different. This article analyses and compares a combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system tested in the laboratory and a single household located in Spain. The cooling capacity is obtained using a reversible heat pump where the compressor is driven directly by a gas engine with internal combustion engine (ICE) technology. The tests were carried out in a work bench at three different operating speeds. A variable-speed model is developed in the TRNSYS simulation environment with an operating strategy following the thermal load (FTL). Once the micro-CCHP system was modeled with experimental data and validated, it was dynamically simulated to analyze its performance in different climatic zones defined in the Spanish “Código Técnico de la Edificación” (CTE). This study reveals that the micro-CCHP system is suitable in mild weathers during the summer season.
Guillermo Rey; Carlos Ulloa; José Luís Míguez; Antón Cacabelos. Suitability Assessment of an ICE-Based Micro-CCHP Unit in Different Spanish Climatic Zones: Application of an Experimental Model in Transient Simulation. Energies 2016, 9, 969 .
AMA StyleGuillermo Rey, Carlos Ulloa, José Luís Míguez, Antón Cacabelos. Suitability Assessment of an ICE-Based Micro-CCHP Unit in Different Spanish Climatic Zones: Application of an Experimental Model in Transient Simulation. Energies. 2016; 9 (11):969.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuillermo Rey; Carlos Ulloa; José Luís Míguez; Antón Cacabelos. 2016. "Suitability Assessment of an ICE-Based Micro-CCHP Unit in Different Spanish Climatic Zones: Application of an Experimental Model in Transient Simulation." Energies 9, no. 11: 969.
Micro combined heating and power (micro-CHP) systems are becoming more than important, and even essential, if we pretend to take full advantage of available energy. The efficiency of this kind of systems reaches 90% and important savings in energy transport processes can occur. In this research, an internal combustion engine (ICE)-based micro-CHP system was developed and tested under specific constraints. The system uses a two cylinder Otto engine as prime mover, coupled to an electrical alternator, and it uses exhaust gases and engine cooling circuit heat. The micro-CHP system was developed to match the electrical power of a typical Stirling engine (SE)-based micro-CHP unit, in order to later compare both systems’ performance under similar circumstances. Different operating modes were tested under different engine speeds, in order to find the optimum operating point. A stand-alone portable application of this system was performed using recreational sailing boats as mobile homes. Specific considerations had to be taken, related to boundary conditions with sea water, and a transient simulation was performed, considering the boat under three different European climates. Results were compared for the different locations and the performance of the equipment shown. A comparative study with the SE-based micro-CHP system performance was done, and a sensitivity analysis of the influence of the battery size was carried out under the same conditions. The SE and ICE-based proposed micro-CHP system have similar behavior, except for the differences found due to the electric/thermal power ratios in both systems. Battery bank size sensitivity analysis reflects a limit in performance improvement. This limit is caused by the uniform distribution of electrical demand profile.
Guillermo Rey; Carlos Ulloa; Jose Luis Míguez; Elena Arce. Development of an ICE-Based Micro-CHP System Based on a Stirling Engine; Methodology for a Comparative Study of its Performance and Sensitivity Analysis in Recreational Sailing Boats in Different European Climates. Energies 2016, 9, 239 .
AMA StyleGuillermo Rey, Carlos Ulloa, Jose Luis Míguez, Elena Arce. Development of an ICE-Based Micro-CHP System Based on a Stirling Engine; Methodology for a Comparative Study of its Performance and Sensitivity Analysis in Recreational Sailing Boats in Different European Climates. Energies. 2016; 9 (4):239.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuillermo Rey; Carlos Ulloa; Jose Luis Míguez; Elena Arce. 2016. "Development of an ICE-Based Micro-CHP System Based on a Stirling Engine; Methodology for a Comparative Study of its Performance and Sensitivity Analysis in Recreational Sailing Boats in Different European Climates." Energies 9, no. 4: 239.
A methodology to automate and control a small-scale combined heat and power system (micro-CHP) is proposed. The contribution of this design is to extend the original plant toward micro-CHP system modeling, thus allowing flexible and efficient system through graphical programming. The automation involves the synthesized system analysis; thereby, human intervention is reduced. It builds on LabVIEW™ software that takes the model architecture to monitor and control de plant. Measured signals and parameters (SQL database) managed by LabVIEW™ are used to issue remote control communication. An Android application was developed to communicate with the database. The integration methodology of automation, monitoring and control energy variables in real-time may be extended to study failures and possible improvements on micro-CHP systems.
Guillermo Rey; Maria Elena Arce; Carlos Ulloa; Anton Cacabelos; Jose Luis Miguez; Maria Elena Arce-Fariña; Rey Guillermo. Automating, monitoring, and control of an ICE based micro-CCHP system using LabVIEW and Android. 2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech 2015, 1 -5.
AMA StyleGuillermo Rey, Maria Elena Arce, Carlos Ulloa, Anton Cacabelos, Jose Luis Miguez, Maria Elena Arce-Fariña, Rey Guillermo. Automating, monitoring, and control of an ICE based micro-CCHP system using LabVIEW and Android. 2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech. 2015; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuillermo Rey; Maria Elena Arce; Carlos Ulloa; Anton Cacabelos; Jose Luis Miguez; Maria Elena Arce-Fariña; Rey Guillermo. 2015. "Automating, monitoring, and control of an ICE based micro-CCHP system using LabVIEW and Android." 2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech , no. : 1-5.
Guillermo Rey; Carlos Ulloa; Antón Cacabelos; Belén Barragáns. Performance analysis, model development and validation with experimental data of an ICE-based micro-CCHP system. Applied Thermal Engineering 2015, 76, 233 -244.
AMA StyleGuillermo Rey, Carlos Ulloa, Antón Cacabelos, Belén Barragáns. Performance analysis, model development and validation with experimental data of an ICE-based micro-CCHP system. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2015; 76 ():233-244.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuillermo Rey; Carlos Ulloa; Antón Cacabelos; Belén Barragáns. 2015. "Performance analysis, model development and validation with experimental data of an ICE-based micro-CCHP system." Applied Thermal Engineering 76, no. : 233-244.
Carlos Ulloa; Pablo Eguía; Jose Luis Miguez; Jacobo Porteiro; Jose M. Pousada-Carballo; Anton Cacabelos. Feasibility of using a Stirling engine-based micro-CHP to provide heat and electricity to a recreational sailing boat in different European ports. Applied Thermal Engineering 2013, 59, 414 -424.
AMA StyleCarlos Ulloa, Pablo Eguía, Jose Luis Miguez, Jacobo Porteiro, Jose M. Pousada-Carballo, Anton Cacabelos. Feasibility of using a Stirling engine-based micro-CHP to provide heat and electricity to a recreational sailing boat in different European ports. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2013; 59 (1):414-424.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Ulloa; Pablo Eguía; Jose Luis Miguez; Jacobo Porteiro; Jose M. Pousada-Carballo; Anton Cacabelos. 2013. "Feasibility of using a Stirling engine-based micro-CHP to provide heat and electricity to a recreational sailing boat in different European ports." Applied Thermal Engineering 59, no. 1: 414-424.
Although the Stirling engine was invented in 1816, this heat engine still continues to be investigated due to the variety of energy sources that can be used to power it (e.g., solar energy, fossil fuels, biomass, and geothermal energy). To study the performance of these machines, it is necessary to develop and simulate models under different operating conditions. In this paper, we present a one-dimensional dynamic model based on components from Trnsys: principally, a lumped mass and a heat exchanger. The resulting model is calibrated using GenOpt. Furthermore, the obtained model can be used to simulate the machine both under steady-state operation and during a transient response. The results provided by the simulations are compared with data measured in a Stirling engine that has been subjected to different operating conditions. This comparison shows good agreement, indicating that the model is an appropriate method for transient thermal simulations. This new proposed model requires few configuration parameters and is therefore easily adaptable to a wide range of commercial models of Stirling engines. A detailed analysis of the system results reveals that the power is directly related to the difference of temperatures between the hot and cold sources during the transient and steady-state processes.
Carlos Ulloa; José Luis Míguez; Jacobo Porteiro; Pablo Eguía; Antón Cacabelos. Development of a Transient Model of a Stirling-Based CHP System. Energies 2013, 6, 3115 -3133.
AMA StyleCarlos Ulloa, José Luis Míguez, Jacobo Porteiro, Pablo Eguía, Antón Cacabelos. Development of a Transient Model of a Stirling-Based CHP System. Energies. 2013; 6 (7):3115-3133.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Ulloa; José Luis Míguez; Jacobo Porteiro; Pablo Eguía; Antón Cacabelos. 2013. "Development of a Transient Model of a Stirling-Based CHP System." Energies 6, no. 7: 3115-3133.
This article describes a simple model obtained from a commercial Stirling engine and used for heating a caravan. The Stirling engine has been tested in the lab under different electrical load conditions, and the operating points obtained are presented. As an application of the model, a series of transient simulations was performed using TRNSYS. During these simulations, the caravan is traveling throughout the day and is stationary at night. Therefore, during the night-time hours, the heating system is turned on by means of the Stirling engine. The study was performed for each month of the year in different European cities. The different heating demand profiles for different cities induce variation in the electricity production, as it has been assumed that electricity is only generated when the thermal demand requires the operation of the Stirling system. As a result, a comparison of the expected power generation in different European cities is presented.
Carlos Ulloa; Jacobo Porteiro; Pablo Eguía; José M. Pousada-Carballo. Application Model for a Stirling Engine Micro-Generation System in Caravans in Different European Locations. Energies 2013, 6, 717 -732.
AMA StyleCarlos Ulloa, Jacobo Porteiro, Pablo Eguía, José M. Pousada-Carballo. Application Model for a Stirling Engine Micro-Generation System in Caravans in Different European Locations. Energies. 2013; 6 (2):717-732.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Ulloa; Jacobo Porteiro; Pablo Eguía; José M. Pousada-Carballo. 2013. "Application Model for a Stirling Engine Micro-Generation System in Caravans in Different European Locations." Energies 6, no. 2: 717-732.
A WebQuest is an Internet-based and inquiry-oriented learning activity. The aim of this work is to outline the creation of a WebQuest entitled “Power Generation Plants: Steam and Gas Turbines.” This is one of the topics covered in the course “Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer,” which is offered in the second year of Mechanical Engineering at the Defense University Center at the Naval Academy in Vigo, Spain. While participating in the activity, students will be divided into groups of no more than 10 for seminars. The groups will create PowerPoint presentations that include all of the analyzed aspects. The topics to be discussed during the workshop on power plant turbines are the: (1) principles of operation; (2) processes involved; (3) advantages and disadvantages; (4) efficiency; (5) combined cycle; and (6) transversal competences, such as teamwork, oral and written presentations, and analysis and synthesis of information. This paper presents the use of Google Sites as a guide to the WebQuest so that students can access all information online, including instructions, summaries, resources, and information on qualifications.
Carlos Ulloa; Guillermo D. Rey; Ángel Sánchez; Angeles Cancela-Carral. Power Plants, Steam and Gas Turbines WebQuest. Education Sciences 2012, 2, 180 -189.
AMA StyleCarlos Ulloa, Guillermo D. Rey, Ángel Sánchez, Angeles Cancela-Carral. Power Plants, Steam and Gas Turbines WebQuest. Education Sciences. 2012; 2 (4):180-189.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Ulloa; Guillermo D. Rey; Ángel Sánchez; Angeles Cancela-Carral. 2012. "Power Plants, Steam and Gas Turbines WebQuest." Education Sciences 2, no. 4: 180-189.