Background: Although Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is one of the most common causes of respiratory distress in the newborn period, there is no laboratory parameter used to diagnose it. Immatur granulocyte (IG) measurement is accepted as a useful indicator that can be used in early detection of many infectious conditions, especially neonatal sepsis. In this study, it was aimed to determine if IG and other complete blood count (CBC) parameters could be used as laboratory findings supporting TTN diagnosis. Materials and methods This study, which was retrospectively planned, was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) a public hospital between January 1, 2019 and January 31, 2021. Randomly selected 50 infants, hospitalized with the diagnosis of TTN, constituted the patient group of the study. 50 infants hospitalized with the diagnosis of hyperbilirubinemia and did not have any additional problems accepted as the control group. IG and other CBC parameters of infants in the patient and control groups were compared in the study. Results: There was no significant difference between the patient and control groups in terms of demographic data and types of delivery (p > 0.05). The rate of delivery by elective cesarean section (C/S) was significantly higher than the rate of normal spontaneous vaginal (NSV) delivery in the patient group (p < 0.001). The IG number and percentage, WBC (white blood cell) count, RDW (red cell distribution width), number and percentage of NRBC (nucleated red blood cell), neutrophil and lymphocyte ratio, count and percentage of basophil and PLR (platelet/lymphocyte ratio) of the patient group was significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings obtained in the study, it was concluded that IG and other CBC parameters may be used to support clinical and imaging findings to diagnose transient tachypnea of the newborn.

Aim: Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is one of the important causes of mortality and morbidity for children worldwide, especially in developing countries. Rotavirus is transmitted by the feces of the people carrying it through food and hands. Additionally, door handles, telephones, sockets, and toys may play a role in spreading the infection. In addition to fecal-oral transmission, transmission via droplets has also been reported. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency and characteristics of rotavirus in pediatric acute gastroenteritis cases in our institution and reveal the effect of the increased mask, social distancing and general hygiene recommendations with COVID-19 pandemic on rotavirus gastroenteritis. Methods: A total of 4781 patients aged 0-18 diagnosed with AGE between January 2019 and December 2020 were included in the study. The rotavirus positivity of patients diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis before and after the pandemic was statistically compared according to season, gender, and age variables. Results: Four hundred nine (8.6%) of 4781 patients were determined as rotavirus positive. The frequency of rotavirus in the age range of 0-2 was higher than that of in the other age ranges. Rotavirus is more common in the winter and spring seasons. In the modeling performed for patients with AGE in our hospital, provided that the other variables remained constant, the risk of rotavirus positivity increased by 1.14 times with the season variable while it decreased by 0.66 times with age. It was concluded that as the age increased, the odds value of being rotavirus positive decreased by 33.4%. While the prevalence of rotavirus gastroenteritis was 7.5% between March 2019 and December 2019, this frequency decreased to 4.7% with the pandemic (March 2020-December 2020), which was statistically significant (X2=8.620; p=0.003). Conclusion: Increasing masks, social distancing and general hygiene recommendations due to COVID 19 have led to a decrease in the frequency of rotavirus infections in children.

Aims: Neonatal sepsis is a systemic condition that results in hemodynamic and clinical findings. We aimed to determine the role of hemogram parameters in the diagnosis of early neonatal sepsis. Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted with 126 neonates hospitalized in Kastamonu Training and Research Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between March 2018 to March 2022. There were 65 term neonates diagnosed with early neonatal sepsis in the patient group. In the control group, there were 61 term neonates who underwent hemogram within the first 72 hours (postnatal period) due to physiological jaundice and did not receive any antibiotic treatment. The assessment was made by comparing the hemogram parameters of these groups. Results: The Macro-R value, white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, monocyte count, immature erythrocyte count and percentage, immature granulocyte count and percentage and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio were found to be significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (p<0.05). Macro R, white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, immature erythrocyte count and percentage, immature granulocyte count and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio had high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of early neonatal sepsis. Conclusion: We think that these simple and easily accessible parameters have potential value in the diagnosis of ENS if they are used together with the clinical symptoms of ENS.

Amaç: Pnömoni, tüm dünyada çocuk ölümlerinin önde gelen sebeplerinden biridir. Çalışmamızda pnömonili çocukların prognozunu tahmin etmede tam kan sayımı [complete blood count (CBC)] parametrelerinin etkisini araştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Hastanemizde pnömoni tanısı almış 162 çocuk hasta retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastalar; yoğun bakımda tedavi görenler (Grup I: ağır şiddette pnömoni, n=57), serviste tedavi görenler (Grup II: orta şiddette pnömoni, n=56) ve ayaktan tedavi ile iyileşenler (Grup III: hafif şiddette pnömoni, n=49) olarak 3 gruba ayrıldı ve hastaların herhangi bir tedavi almadan önce, ilk başvuru anındaki CBC parametreleri karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Grup I'deki hastaların eritrosit dağılım genişliği [red cell distribution width (RDW)], nötrofil/lenfosit oranı [neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR)] ve C-reaktif proteini (CRP) Grup II ve Grup III'teki hastalardan anlamlı şekilde yüksekti, hemoglobin/RDW oranı [hemoglobin/RDW ratio (HRR)] ise anlamlı şekilde düşüktü (p<0,001). Grup I'deki hastalarda RDW ve NLR'nin CRP ile pozitif korelasyon gösterdiği (sırasıyla r=0,637; p<0,001, r=0,705; p<0,001), HRR'nin ise CRP ile negatif korelasyon gösterdiği (r=0,562; p<0,001) saptandı. RDW, NLR, CRP ve bu değerlerin kombinasyonunun şiddetli pnömoni varlığını öngörmede yüksek duyarlılık (sırasıyla %89,5, %91,2, %86,0 ve %87,7) ve özgüllüğe (sırasıyla %86,7, %90,5, %86,7 ve %87,6) sahip oldukları saptandı, eğri altında kalan alanlar değerleri sırasıyla 0,944, 0,945, 0,938 ve 0,953 bulundu. Sonuç: Pnömoni tanısı alan çocuklarda RDW, NLR, HRR ve CRP prognozu tahmin etmede etkili parametrelerdir ve yoğun bakıma yatışı öngörmede yüksek duyarlılık ve özgüllüğe sahiptirler.

Objective: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is a common condition observed in neonates. Since its management often requires intensive care and leads to maternal–infant separation, it is a major source of parental concern. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of lipoxin A4 and resolvin D1 on the clinical course of TTN and to determine whether complete blood count parameters could serve as predictors of disease severity. Materials and Methods: A total of 62 neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit with a diagnosis of TTN were included. According to Silverman scoring, infants were divided into a mild group (n = 31) and a severe group (n = 31). Lipoxin A4 and resolvin D1 levels, together with complete blood count parameters, were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to assess the predictive value of these parameters for the clinical course. Results: Serum lipoxin A4 (p = 0.005) and resolvin D1 (p = 0.002) levels were significantly higher in the mild group compared with the severe group, whereas the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (p = 0.044) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (p = 0.027) were significantly lower. Resolvin D1 and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio were identified as significant predictors of severe disease. In predicting a mild course, lipoxin A4 demonstrated the highest sensitivity (80.6%), while resolvin D1 exhibited the highest specificity (87.1%). Conclusions: Lipoxin A4 and resolvin D1 appear to play a protective role in preventing severe clinical progression of transient tachypnea of the newborn.