Global regional variations in dyslipidemia prevalence underscore the need for an updated global overview of the magnitude of dyslipidemia over time. To estimate the global prevalence of dyslipidemia in adults, considering scientific evidence published in the last 20 years, while analyzing associated sociodemographic and geographic factors. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The bibliographic search was performed in PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and EMBASE, including observational studies published between 2000 and 2025 that reported the prevalence of dyslipidemia components in general adult populations, including hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypoalphalipoproteinemia or low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (< 40 mg/dL for men and < 50 mg/dL for women), and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Statistical analyses included meta-analysis with random effects models, stratified analyses by sex and country, and meta-regression by publication year. A total of 206 studies were included, primarily cross-sectional (98.5%). The global prevalence was 28.8% for hypertriglyceridemia, 24.1% for hypercholesterolemia, 38.4% for low HDL-C, and 18.93% for high LDL-C. Men presented a higher prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (33.8% vs. 24.5% in women), while women showed a higher frequency of low HDL-C (40.5% vs. 34.1% in men). The highest prevalences of low HDL-C and mixed dyslipidemia patterns were observed in the Middle East and Latin America. Temporal trends revealed a progressive increase in hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C, with a decrease in hypercholesterolemia and high LDL-C. There is an epidemiological transition in the dyslipidemia profile, from classic hypercholesterolemia toward a predominance of hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C, with important differences by sex and region. These findings significantly affect cardiovascular prevention and health policies addressing residual risk beyond LDL-C control.

Introduction: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy represent a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, prevalence estimates of preeclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP syndrome vary considerably across studies and regions. Objective: To determine the global prevalence of preeclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low Platelet count) syndrome, analyze their geographical distribution, and evaluate temporal and methodological trends. Methodology: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted. SCOPUS, Web of Science, PubMed, and EMBASE databases were searched through May 2025. Observational studies reporting prevalence data using standardized diagnostic criteria were included. Prevalences were pooled using a random-effects model with Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation. Subgroup analyses by diagnostic criteria and countries and meta-regressions by publication year and sample size were performed. Results: Seventy studies on preeclampsia (2,465,570 participants), 21 on eclampsia (9,782,257 participants), and nine on HELLP syndrome (133,611 participants) were analyzed. The global prevalence of preeclampsia was 4.43 (95% CI: 3.73–5.20), with significant differences between ACOG (4.68%) and ISSHP (3.66%) criteria. For eclampsia, the prevalence was 0.43% (95% CI: 0.19%–0.76%), while the estimate for HELLP syndrome is 0.39% (95% CI: 0.16%–0.72%), which must be interpreted with considerable caution as it is derived from a limited pool of only nine studies. Marked regional disparities were identified, with higher prevalences in low-income countries. Meta-regression for preeclampsia revealed a non-significant increasing trend over time ( p = 0.23) and a significant inverse correlation with sample size ( p < 0.01). For eclampsia, neither the temporal trend ( p = 0.68) nor the association with sample size ( p = 0.65) was statistically significant. Conclusions: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy affect 4.43% (95% CI: 3.73%–5.20%) of pregnancies globally for preeclampsia, 0.43% (95% CI: 0.19%–0.76%) for eclampsia, and 0.39% (95% CI: 0.16%–0.72%) for HELLP syndrome, with considerable variations according to regions and diagnostic criteria. The upward trend underscores the need to strengthen epidemiological surveillance systems and preventive programs, especially in high-prevalence areas.

Various types of wounds represent a persistent healthcare burden that demands innovative and effective therapeutic solutions. Innovative approaches have emerged that focus on skin regeneration with minimal side effects. One such method is cell-free therapy that utilizes the secretome of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) as a promising alternative to traditional cell-based therapies, leveraging a complex mixture of bioactive molecules, including growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles, to accelerate tissue regeneration. This systematic review synthesizes the findings of 35 studies evaluating the impact of hMSC-derived secretomes on wound healing, with a focus on their regenerative, immunomodulatory, and angiogenic effects. The influence of MSC sources (adipose tissue, bone marrow, umbilical cord) and culture conditions on secretome composition and efficacy in the cutaneous wound healing process is examined, highlighting their therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine. This review also explores emerging preclinical and clinical applications, highlighting promising results, such as enhanced fibroblast proliferation, reduced inflammation, and improved extracellular matrix remodeling. In addition, advances in secretome-based biomaterials, including hydrogels and scaffolds, which optimize therapeutic delivery and efficacy are discussed. Despite the growing body of evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of secretomes, challenges remain regarding standardization, large-scale production, and clinical validation. This review highlights the potential of MSC-derived secretomes as a next-generation cell-free approach for wound healing and regenerative medicine.

Objective: To determine the global prevalence of IR, evaluating differences according to study designs and population characteristics.Methodology: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted. The search encompassed MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE, including observational studies that employed the HOMA-IR index to estimate IR and published adult prevalence data. Articles without clear IR definitions or with highly specific populations were excluded. The meta-analysis applied a random-effects model with proportion transformation (Freeman-Tukey), assessing heterogeneity with I² and Cochran’s Q test. Additionally, a meta-regression by publication year was conducted.Results: Eighty-seven studies were included, with 235,148 participants. The pooled prevalence of IR was estimated at 26.53% (95% CI: 24.10–29.03; I²=99%), with no statistically significant differences when comparing probabilistic versus non-probabilistic sampling or when stratifying by sex. The meta-regression revealed no clear variations according to publication year or other explored factors.Conclusions: This systematic review demonstrates that IR reaches a global prevalence of 26.53%, with estimated differences between 26% and 30% across different populations and geographical regions. Despite the diversity in cut-off points employed for HOMA-IR, no statistically significant differences were observed when comparing sampling designs or stratifying by sex. Furthermore, no clear trend related to publication year was evidenced.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, university students have adopted measures that completely transformed their educational environment, and this has generated an increase in psychological stress. The present study aimed to identify the factors associated with anxiety, depression, and stress in students at a university in Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study in students in Lima, Peru. The DASS-21 scale was used to measure levels of depression, anxiety, and stress and associate it with socio-educational and COVID-19-related variables using generalized linear models with Poisson distribution, log link, and robust variance. Of 400 students surveyed, 19.2%, 23.2% and 17.2% of students presented depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. The frequency of depression (PR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.84–0.99), anxiety (PR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.83–0.99) and stress (PR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.86–0.99) was lower in women. The students of the engineering and business faculty presented a higher frequency of anxiety (PR = 1.11, 95%CI: 1.00–1.22). There was a greater frequency of presenting anxiety, depression and stress in students who worked in a different area of health or did not work. Our results suggest the importance of promoting mental health awareness campaigns in university students due to the constant academic load they have.

Introduction: Given the high consumption of salt in the population, the need arises to have a validated tool that measures the knowledge, attitudes and practices of salt consumption (CAP-salt). Objective: To validate the questionnaire on CAP-salt. Methods: Psychometric study of content validity through expert judgment. A total of 5 physicians from different specialties were counted. To calculate the degree of agreement between the expert judges, Aiken's V was used. As a decision criterion to keep an item, a value ≥ 0.7 was considered. Results: In relation to clarity, V values greater than 0.80 were presented, in addition to a variation coefficient of less than 25%, therefore, none of the items was eliminated. Regarding coherence, they presented a coefficient of variation above 20% and V values greater than 0.71, confirming the decision not to exclude any of them. Regarding the relevance of the items, V values higher than 0.90 were also evidenced and neither did any of them present a value below the critical one. Conclusions: The questionnaire has presented sufficient evidence of content validity in terms of clarity, coherence and relevance of the items through the aforementioned analyses. For this reason, it should be used to quantify the KAP of different population groups in the country.