Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) have received increasing attention as a crucial component in renewable energy systems in recent years. However, due to the intricate interactions between aerodynamics and hydrodynamics, accurately predicting the performance and response remains a challenging task. This study examines recent advancements in the coupled aero–hydrodynamic numerical simulations for horizontal-axis FOWTs, categorizing existing research by coupling methods: uncoupled, partially coupled, and fully coupled. The review summarizes models, methodologies, and key parameters investigated. Most partially coupled analyses rely on forced oscillation, while the interplay between aerodynamics and elasticity, as well as interactions among multiple FOWTs, remain under-explored. Additionally, this review describes relevant physical model tests, including wave basin tests, wind tunnel tests, and real-time hybrid tests (RTHT). Although RTHT faces issues related to system time delays, they have garnered significant attention for addressing scale effects. The paper compares the three coupling methods, emphasizing the importance of selecting the appropriate approach based on specific design stage requirements to balance accuracy and computational efficiency. Finally, it suggests future research directions, offering a meaningful reference for researchers engaged in studying the aero–hydrodynamic behavior of FOWTs.

Benefiting from its high thermal conductivity, simple structure, and light weight, the pulsating heat pipe (PHP) can meet the requirements for high efficiency, flexibility, and low cost in industrial heat transfer applications such as aerospace detector cooling and vehicle thermal management. Compared to a PHP working at room temperature, the mechanism of a PHP with hydrogen as the working fluid differs significantly due to the unique thermal properties of hydrogen. In this paper, a two-dimensional model of a hydrogen PHP with a filling ratio of 51% was established to study the flow characteristics and thermal performance. The volume of fluid (VOF) method was used to capture the phase distribution and interface dynamics, and the Lee model was employed to account for phase change. To validate the model, a comparison was conducted between the simulation results and experimental data obtained in our laboratory. The simulation results show that the pressure and temperature errors were within 25% and 5%, respectively. Throughout a pressure oscillation cycle, the occurrence of uniform flow velocity, acceleration, and flow reversal can be attributed to the changes in the vapor–liquid phase distribution resulting from the effect of condensation and evaporation. In addition, when the fluid velocity was greater than 0.6 m/s, dynamic contact angle hysteresis was observed in the condenser. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of the flow and heat transfer mechanism of the hydrogen PHPs, which have not been yet achieved through visualization experiments.

This study investigates the aerodynamic characteristics of a rotating cylinder under critical Reynolds number condition, aiming to establish a theoretical basis for the optimization of rotary sails and the enhancement of ship-assisted propulsion systems. By improving aerodynamic efficiency, this research contributes to economic benefits and environmental sustainability. Based on the Magnus effect, numerical simulations were conducted using Fluent to analyze the flow around a rotating cylinder at a Reynolds number of Re = 8.215 × 105. The study explores a wide range of rotational ratios from 0 to 16 to compare the wake dynamics and fluid force characteristics under varying conditions. The results demonstrate a clear relationship between the rotational ratio and aerodynamic performance. Specifically, the lift and drag coefficients exhibit distinct trends as the rotational ratio increases, with a critical rotational ratio of 2.5 identified as yielding optimal aerodynamic efficiency. At this rotational ratio, the lift-to-drag ratio reaches its maximum, marking the cylinder's best performance under the studied conditions. Furthermore, the investigation reveals significant changes in the wake structure and separation point position. As the rotational ratio increases, the separation point gradually moves downstream, with its position ranging from 82° to 93° relative to the stagnation point. The wake vortex structure undergoes five distinct developmental regimes, illustrating progressive changes in flow behavior that are closely linked to the rotational ratio.

With the rapid development and accelerated utilization of marine resources, multi-body floating systems have become extensively used in practical applications. This study examines the coupled motions of a side-by-side anchoring system for five fishing vessels in a harbor using ANSYS-AQWA. The system is connected by hawsers and equipped with fenders to reduce collisions between the vessels. It is designed to operate in the sheltered wind-wave combined environment within Ningbo Zhoushan Port, China. Considering the diverse types and quantities of fishing vessels in the anchorage area, this paper proposes a mixed arrangement of three large-scale fishing vessels in the middle and two small-scale vessels on both sides. The time-domain analysis is performed on this system under the combined effects of wind and waves, calculating the motion responses of the five fishing vessels along with the mechanical loads at the hawsers, fenders, and moorings. The results indicate that the maximum loads on these mechanical components remain well within the safe working limits, ensuring reliable operation. In addition, the impact of varying wind-wave angles on the coupled motions of the fishing vessel system are studied. As the wind-wave angle increases, the surge motion of the fishing vessels gradually decreases, while the sway motion intensifies. The forces on the hawsers, fenders, and mooring system exhibit distinct characteristics at different angles.

A hydrodynamic wind–wave combined power generation system is a new type of energy device that uses wind and ocean current energy to generate electricity. In this paper, the hydrodynamics of a wind–wave combined power generation system was simulated in Fluent. The fluid–structure coupling simulation of the vortex vibration of the cylindrical oscillator was realized using UDF and dynamic mesh technology. The Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV) characteristics of the cylindrical oscillator were analyzed, and the reliability of the numerical simulation method was verified by comparing the amplitude and trajectory of the eddy-excited vibration with the classic experiments of Jauvtis and Williamson. The VIV characteristics of cylindrical oscillators with different mass ratios were studied in terms of vibration response, motion trajectory, and the streamwise equilibrium position. The effect of the mass ratio on the hydrodynamics of a wind–wave combined power generation system was simulated using spring damping, achieving the goal of carrying out preliminary research work simulating the wind–wave combined power generation device. Some useful conclusions were obtained through calculation, which provided data support for the corresponding platform device. This study shows that in cylindrical oscillators with different mass ratios, the overall trend at the same reduced velocity is that the larger the mass ratio, the smaller the crossflow amplitude. The cylindrical oscillators with mass ratios of one and two appear in the upper branch, while cylindrical oscillators with mass ratios of three and four do not appear, and with the increase in the mass ratio, the frequency ratio in the lower branch tends toward one. At the same reduced velocity, the lower the mass ratio, the larger the corresponding downstream equilibrium position, and the higher the energy acquisition efficiency.