MATEC Web of Conferences, open access proceedings in Materials science, Engineering and Chemistry

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a conceivably hazardous ailment. Most end up with non-reversible surgical techniques, such as the maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) procedure. MMA is an amazingly obtrusive treatment, regularly connected to complexities and facial change. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) is broadly utilized as an instrument to comprehend the stream system inside the human upper airways (UA) completely. There are logical inconsistencies among the investigations into the utilizations of CFD for OSAS study. Thus, to adequately understand the requirement for OSAS CFD investigation, a systematic literature search was performed. This review features the necessary recommendations to accurately model the UA to fill in as an ideal predictive methodology before mandibular advancement surgery.

Background: Most Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) treatments use cross-sectional examination of the Upper Airways (UA) to determine decreasing gap and UA length. Surgery is detrimental to all OSA patients, stressing the need for better assessment. Objective: This study integrates Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with physical model validation to improve OSA prediction and turbulence model accuracy and dependability. Methods: The k-omega SST turbulence model is used to analyse OSA using CFD. SLS is used to build a physical model of the UA for CFD simulations. The UA's physical model is then compared to the OSA-recommended CFD turbulence model to verify simulation-physical reality coherence. Result: The average UA pressure differential decreases considerably after mandibular advancement surgery. The Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) increases after surgery, indicating more turbulence. Cross-validation of the physical model confirms the OSA CFD turbulence simulation's validity. Conclusion: The study concludes that matching UA simulations with physical models improves OSA assessments. CFD with established physical models is a reliable method for assessing OSA therapy, especially surgical operations. The post-surgery increase in TKE needs more study to determine its effects on OSA treatment outcomes.

This paper highlights the development and vibration analysis of a four wheel vehicle chassis for single driver. A chassis is developed and proved to have a strong structure and minimized vibration. First, this project is concentrating on determining the static stress and strain concentrated on the chassis structure as well as determining the resultant displacement of the chassis frame with applied load exerted on the chassis. This is vital because the chassis acts as the main frame of the vehicle that subjected to stress, strain and vibration during the vehicle moves. Second, this project is also focussing on the developing a chassis structure for a four wheel vehicle for single driver system with a minimum vibration since vibration could cause the efficiency and the performance of a vehicle to drop. In this paper, the results obtained from the static test conducted on the basic chassis frame structure designed by using Solidworks software are presented as well as the fabricated basic chassis frame structure. The three dimensional modelling chassis frame structure is designed using Solidworks software and the static test is conducted in the simulation environment of the Solidworks software as well. The fabrication of the basic chassis frame structure is fabricated using the selected material which is the 25mm x 25mm square mild steel tube with the thickness of 1.6mm and the method of welding is used in developing the chassis. The developed chassis frame structure is able to withstand the applied load with a satisfactory factor of safety (FOS). The chassis structure will further modified and improved into a integrated chassis structure combining with engine, wheels, brakes, motor and steering system.