Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to highlight the advantages of a simplified algorithm to solve the problem of heat and mass transfer in porous medium by reducing the number of partial differential equations from four to three. Design/methodology/approach: The approach of the present paper is to develop a simplified algorithm to reduce the number of equations involved in conjugate heat transfer in porous medium. Findings: Developed algorithm/method has many advantages over conventional method of solution for conjugate heat transfer in porous medium. Research limitations/implications: The current work is applicable to conjugate heat transfer problem. Practical implications: The developed algorithm is useful in reducing the number of equations to be solved, thus reducing the computational resources required. Originality/value: Development of simplified algorithm and comparison with conventional method.

As cities are considered to be developed places where ample opportunities are rampant for individuals to grow economically and professionally, mass migration is taking place from rural areas toward urbanization in search of better living. This has caused population growth in cities exponentially since the emergence of the industrial revolution, wherein people in a quest for the betterment of lives have been migrating toward cities. Still, this process is in a continuum. As per one of the statistical data published by the United Nations, the world population living in cities will increase by 66% by the year 2050, which was estimated to be 50% in the year 2007. This huge influx of masses from rural areas toward urbanization has posed several challenges to local governments involving public and private sectors for the city administrations. The challenges posed are maintaining, managing, and providing enhanced, efficient, and effective administration of cities with sound basic infrastructures comprising health, mobility, housing, water, sewage, environment, and energy. To facilitate betterment for these infrastructures above with improvised efficient and effective city administration, governments globally have taken initiatives by implementing state-of-the-art information and communication technologies into city infrastructures, which are termed as smart cities. Smart cities are comprised of infrastructures that are instrumented, interconnected, and intelligent in providing timely information for the individuals dwelling in cities and availing them with efficient decision-making. As the whole ecosystem of a smart city is governed by devices embedded with sensors and connected via the internet, they are vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Hence, cybersecurity is at the rescue to address these issues concerned with security and privacy in smart cities. This chapter is an effort to highlight these security and privacy issues concerned with smart cities. We have proposed a framework related to cybersecurity in smart cities and addressed problems and challenges related to smart, secure, and efficient communication within this whole smart city ecosystem.

The impact of the internet of things (IoT) on inventory management is explored in this chapter. The chapter discusses comprehensively IoT system components, communication protocols, their architectures, and applications in various sectors. This chapter also investigates how IoT enabled inventory can provide real-time inventory management through timely monitoring, tracking, and optimization of inventories by employing RFID tags and readers. The RFID tags include encoded data in the form of unique IDs, which facilitates effective tracking and monitoring of goods and services pertaining to an organization. RFID readers can detect tags and transmit data encoded in it to the cloud for processing, thereby resulting in well informed data-driven decisions with improved operational efficiency. Furthermore, the chapter explores inventory management processes in the context of IoT-enabled inventories. The chapter also presents a comprehensive comparison of IoT enabled inventories with the traditional inventory management systems. Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.

The chapter presents a comprehensive exploration of the changing dynamics at the intersection between the rapidly growing landscape of the interconnectivity of various devices—the internet of things—and the innovations piloted by advancements in generative artificial intelligence. In the following background-focused analysis, the significance of the enactment of new levels of security details in this fast-growing and virulently expansive landscape is emphasized, with generative AI ultimately serving as the highlight. The conversation consequently shifts to threats. This includes a detailed depiction of new cybersecurity threats rooted in advancements in AI, featuring AI malicious actors and incidents, such as the increasingly popular phenomenon of ransomware-as-a-service as mirror illustrations of the dynamic and multifaceted character of these threats. The class further proceeds to more in-depth detail about the most contemporary generative AI platforms such as generative adversarial networks, variational autoencoders, and reinforcement learning—all relevant in identifying emerging solutions to advance strategies in cybersecurity. The conversation simultaneously conducts an opportunity and threat analysis of the merger between these platforms and cybersecurity with regard to ethics, regulations, and overall adversarial touchpoints and tactics. The chapter concludes with a call for unity in discourse and action between the relevant industry, academia, and government stakeholders as a summary of the essential cross-disciplinary aspect that must drive the narrative in confronting and overcoming the threats to and from generative AI research. Having presented the narrative structure, this chapter has allowed a comprehensive coverage of the major issues and opportunities at the heart of the cybersecurity-generative AI combination. Additionally, it has provided a forum to call for collaborative and fortified efforts regarding the securing and defending of the uncertainties that the rapidly changing and more unpredictable digital landscape has in store for the world.