This study was conducted to determine potential groundwater storage areas in the semi-arid Oltu Basin in northeastern Turkey. The groundwater potential of the basin was analyzed by evaluating eight geographical factors: lithology, linear density, soil depth, land use, precipitation, geomorphology, slope, and drainage density. These factors were classified and weighted using remote sensing, geographical information systems (GIS), and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The obtained data were modeled using ArcGIS software, and a potential groundwater storage map of the Oltu Basin was created. The results show that there is a high groundwater potential in areas of the basin close to the stream bed, while the groundwater potential is low in mountainous and steeply sloped regions. The study provides significant findings for sustainable water resource management in the region and future water resources planning.

The rheology and evolution of the polar ice sheet are deeply influenced by the anisotropy of ice crystals. Studying the anisotropy of ice crystals can help to well understand and predict the behavior of the polar ice sheet and then the sea level rising and global climate change. In this paper, firstly, we deduce the expression of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of anisotropic media, which are determined by permittivity tensor and geometry of media. Then, the analytic formulas of reflection and transmission coefficients are derived directly by matrix transformation. Some models with real ice parameters are tested, and they present some special features at the anisotropic interface. We also discuss the physical meanings of eigenvalues and eigenvectors and the geometry analyzing to polarimetric radar. This analytic solution reveals the functional relationship between the macroradar reflection and the microphysical properties of ice crystals, which provides a feasibility of ice fabric identification by polarimetric radar detection.