This study was conducted to determine potential groundwater storage areas in the semi-arid Oltu Basin in northeastern Turkey. The groundwater potential of the basin was analyzed by evaluating eight geographical factors: lithology, linear density, soil depth, land use, precipitation, geomorphology, slope, and drainage density. These factors were classified and weighted using remote sensing, geographical information systems (GIS), and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The obtained data were modeled using ArcGIS software, and a potential groundwater storage map of the Oltu Basin was created. The results show that there is a high groundwater potential in areas of the basin close to the stream bed, while the groundwater potential is low in mountainous and steeply sloped regions. The study provides significant findings for sustainable water resource management in the region and future water resources planning.

Türkiye’nin büyük akarsu havzalarından biri olan Çoruh havzasında yapılacak taşkın tesisleri, su tutma yapıları ve suyun kullanıma sunulması amacıyla tasarlanacak bütün yapılar için akarsu debisinin ve bu debiyi oluşturan en büyük etmenlerden biri olan taban akış değerinin bilinmesi gerekmektedir. Taban akışı, havzaya yağan yağışa, akarsu ağı toplam uzunluğuna, drenaj yoğunluğuna, engebeliliğe vb. diğer faktörlere bağlı olduğundan gecikmeli bir akış olarak gerçekleşir ve yaz mevsiminde akarsu akışının önemli bir bölümünü, bazen ise tamamını karşılamaktadır. Çalışmada İngiliz Hidroloji Enstitüsü Yuvarlatılmış Minimumlar (İHEY) yöntemi kullanılarak Çoruh havzası üzerinde bulunan 10 adet Akım Gözlem İstasyonundan (AGİ) elde edilen günlük ortalama akarsu debileri yardımıyla akarsu debileri 5’erli gruplara ayrılmış, elde edilen bu gruplar içerisindeki en küçük debi değerleri minimum değerler olarak kabul edilmiştir. Daha sonra dönüm noktalarının kendinden önceki ve sonraki grubun minimum değerinin 0,9 katından küçük olması durumunda bu değer dönüm noktası olarak kabul edilmiş ve dönüm noktaları arasında kalan boşluklar doğrusal enterpolasyon yöntemi ile doldurularak akarsuya ait günlük taban akışı değerleri elde edilmiştir. Havzada yapılan çalışma sonucunda havzadaki taban akış indeksinin havza genelinde ortalama olarak 0,80 oranında olduğu belirlenmiş ve özellikle yaz aylarındaki akımın büyük çoğunluğunun taban akışından kaynaklandığı gözlemlenmiştir..

In today's conditions, where the frequency of events related to global climate change is increasing, it is important to employ water science to utilize water with maximum efficiency and to keep water under control in the areas close to its consumption zone. It is also important to determine how much of the flow in the stream during dry periods is the baseflow and how much of it is direct flow. This study designed a model of the baseflow index (BFI) and the baseflow rate (Qb) in one of the watersheds in Turkey. The smoothed minima method designed by the United Kingdom Institute of Hydrology (UKIH) was used to calculate the BFI and Qb at 10 flow observation stations in the Çoruh watershed. The Çoruh Watershed Baseflow Model was designed using BFI and Qb values with watershed characteristics and other variables. The determination coefficient of the BFI model was calculated as R² = 0.842, and the Qb model determination coefficient was calculated as R² = 0.99. The usability of the Çoruh model was proven by using the UKIH's smoothed minima method and comparing its relative errors with the BFI and Qb in the Çoruh model.

Accurate snowmelt runoff prediction is critical for water resource management in mountainous regions where seasonal snowpack constitutes the dominant water supply. This study demonstrates operational application of the degree-day-based Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM) integrated with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and multi-platform remote sensing for discharge forecasting in the Kirkgoze Basin (242.7 km², 1823–3140 m elevation), Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Three automatic weather stations spanning 872 m elevation gradient provided meteorological forcing, while MODIS MOD10A2 8-day composite products supplied operational snow cover observations validated against Landsat-5/7 (30 m resolution, 87.3% agreement, Kappa = 0.73) and synthetic aperture radar imagery (RADARSAT-1 C-band, ALOS-PALSAR L-band). Uncalibrated model performance was modest (R² = 0.384, volumetric difference = 29.78%), demonstrating necessity of site-specific calibration. Systematic adjustment of snowmelt and rainfall runoff coefficients yielded excellent calibrated performance for 2009 melt season: R² = 0.8606, correlation coefficient R = 0.927, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency = 0.854, and volumetric difference = 3.35%. Enhanced temperature lapse rate (0.75 °C/100 m vs. standard 0.65 °C/100 m) reflected severe continental climate. Multiple linear regression analysis identified temperature, snow-covered area, snow water equivalent, and calibrated runoff coefficients as significant discharge predictors (R² = 0.881). Results confirm SRM’s operational feasibility for seasonal forecasting and flood warning in data-scarce snow-dominated basins, with modest requirements (daily temperature, precipitation, and satellite snow cover) aligning with operational monitoring capabilities. The methodology provides a transferable framework for regional water resource management in climatically vulnerable mountain environments where snowmelt supports agriculture, hydropower, and municipal supply.