Industrialization, urbanization, population growth, and changes in lifestyle have all contributed to a rise in the OECD countries' risk of global warming. The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) generated from heat and power sources put out is directly related to how much electricity they make. Finding out which sources are bad for the environment, and which are not is the primary motivation behind this study. The impact of different approaches to energy production on carbon dioxide emissions is analyzed using OECD data. The data is analyzed using Quantile Regression (QR), Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), and Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). The study found that CO2 emissions were significantly impacted in a positive direction when electricity was generated using coal, oil, or gas. The emissions from coal-fired power plants are the most detrimental. The generation of hydroelectricity and other forms of renewable energy can reduce CO2 emissions in all regression models. The most compelling evidence of a correlation between CO2 emissions and energy sources was uncovered in this study. In order to produce credible findings, the paper used both QR and GMM methods. Important implications for environmental policy are drawn from this article's findings. Both are required to lessen our reliance on fossil fuels and promote the development of renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectricity.

The tourism sector makes a sizable contribution to a country’s gross domestic product, increasing employment opportunities, foreign currency earnings, and economic diversification strategies. This paper uses the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) model to analyze the effects of tourism on the environment in the world’s top 10 tourist countries from 1972 to 2021. Panel cointegration and second-generation unit root tests are suggested due to the presence of cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity. A cross-sectional-autoregressive-distributed lag (CS-ARDL) model is applied to evaluate the marginal influence of environmental variables other than tourism on carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. These variables include fossil fuels, renewable energy, and nuclear energy. For the purpose of testing robustness, both the augmented mean group (AMG) and the common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG) estimators are employed. The CS-ARDL supports the EKC hypothesis in the short run and long run, but it is not significant in the short run. The existence of EKC demonstrates that rising income leads to fewer CO₂ emissions. All forms of environmental degradation can be accelerated by using fossil fuels. The results of this study indicate that CO₂ emissions can be reduced by using renewable energy and nuclear energy. A rise in tourism activity has a positive impact on environmental quality. The best-attended tourist spots around the globe are those that, in the long run, implement clean energy-related technology and promote ecotourism.

Due to a rapidly growing population and economy, an increase in emissions from urban growth, industrial growth, and energy use hurt the environment’s health. This research examines how tourism, population, income, renewable energy, and electricity consumption affect carbon emissions in twenty-six low-income countries. There is no cross-sectional dependence (CSD) problem, so quantile regressions (QR) and generalized method of moments (GMM) are used. Results show that the environment is obtaining benefits because of tourism. CO₂ emissions are rising because the per capita income, electricity consumption, and population are growing. CO₂ emissions can be lowered by using more renewable energy and growing the economy faster. Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) is also valid in low-income countries. Thus, increasing income will not be harmful to the environment. Similarly, increasing tourism, renewable energy, and rising GDP per capita benefit low-income countries. The government can focus on sustainable tourism. Policymakers may convince more people to use renewable energy resources and grow the sustainable tourism industry. This study recommends that the government reduce greenhouse gas emissions, promote tourism that is good for the environment, take initiatives to limit population growth, and use renewable energy.