Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a new nano-scale technology that due to making significant improvements in the design of electronic circuits can be considered as an appropriate alternative to CMOS technology. The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is a fundamental component of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) to carry out the arithmetic and logical operations that multiplexer and full adder play an important role in its operations. In this paper, based on the extracted features of the arithmetic operations of the ALU, we propose a new special low-complexity QCA 4:1 multiplexer, which is application-specific to the proposed ALU. Moreover, a new QCA full adder is proposed based on the cell interaction. Likewise, a QCA multilayer ALU structure is designed based on the validated proposed structures to carry out four logical and eight arithmetic operations. The functional correctness of the proposed structures are evaluated by QCADesigner tool; also, QCAPro as an accurate power estimator tool is applied to investigate their power dissipation. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed structures outperform in comparison to counterpart designs in terms of cell number, area, latency, and power consumption.

In this article, a new distributed fault detection method based on the nodes' importance in maintaining connectivity of the network is proposed for wireless sensor networks (WSN). Given that the effect of nodes is different on the connectivity of WSN, the proposed method tries to identify the high local importance nodes and keep these nodes in the network as much as possible. In addition, in the proposed method, the probabilistic and deterministic status of the sensor nodes is determined by analyzing the differences between data of neighboring nodes. Extensive simulations have carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in various scenarios in terms of the detection accuracy and false alarm rate. Moreover, analysis of time complexity and message complexity indicates that the overhead of the proposed method is lower than the counterpart approaches.

Efficiency of position-based emergency message broadcast protocols of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) is affected by the position of vehicles that depends entirely on accuracy of the positioning system. In addition, GPS-based dissemination protocols encounter many challenges due to high-energy consumption, low accuracy, and the need for up-to-date maps for real-world automatic applications. In this paper, a Route Segmented Broadcast Protocol based on Radio Frequency identification technology (RSBP-RF) is proposed to eliminate GPS-based problems and increase the efficiency of emergency message broadcasting by improving the positioning accuracy. In this protocol, embedded passive RFID tags are used to segment the route and provide a position-aware technique. In RSBP-RF, each vehicle is informed of its position by crossing on the tags and immediately broadcasts a beacon to its neighbors. Moreover, the proposed protocol includes a proactive relay vehicle selection scheme that uses the received beacons to select the farthest neighboring node. The results of the conducted simulations in the NS-3 tool have validated the effectiveness of the proposed protocol in terms of end-to-end delay, delivery ratio, one-hop delay, collision ratio, relay node selection accuracy, and dissemination performance. Moreover, analysis of the time complexity and message complexity proves the lightness of the RSBP-RF protocol.