As the population ages, promoting healthy aging through targeted interventions becomes increasingly crucial. Growing evidence suggests that dietary interventions can significantly impact this process by modulating fundamental molecular pathways. This review focuses on the potential of targeted dietary strategies in promoting healthy aging and the mechanisms by which specific nutrients and dietary patterns influence key pathways involved in cellular repair, inflammation, and metabolic regulation. Caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, the Mediterranean diet, as well as the ketogenic diet showed promising effects on promoting healthy aging, possibly by modulating mTORC1 AMPK, an insulin signaling pathway. By understanding the intricate interplay between diet and molecular pathways, we can develop personalized dietary strategies that not only prevent age-related diseases, but also promote overall health and well-being throughout the aging process.

COVID-19 infection often produces cardiovascular complications, which can range from mild to severe and influence the overall prognosis. Imaging is the cornerstone for diagnosing initial COVID-19 cardiovascular involvement as well as treatment guidance. In this review, we present the current state of the literature on this subject while also emphasizing possible algorithms for indicating and executing these investigations.

Background: Sarcopenic obesity, characterized by reduced skeletal muscle mass and excess adiposity, is strongly associated with chronic pain and functional decline in older adults. Objective: This prospective controlled trial without randomization investigated the effects of a structured, three-phase rehabilitation program on physical performance, pain, and sarcopenia-specific quality of life in elderly patients with sarcopenic obesity and chronic pain. Methods: In this study, 82 participants were enrolled and allocated to a study group (SG, n = 40), receiving supervised rehabilitation, nutritional counseling, and supplementation, or to a control group (CG, n = 42), which did not receive rehabilitation. The final analysis included 35 patients in SG and 36 in CG. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and six months using the Sarcopenia Quality of Life Questionnaire (SarQoL), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT). Results: The SG showed significant improvements in all outcomes: SarQoL increased from 57.02 to 63.98, SPPB increased from 7.14 to 8.4, PPT increased from 69.31 to 78.05, and NRS decreased from 6.94 to 4.65 (all p < 0.001). The CG showed no significant changes. Conclusions: The implementation of a structured, three-phase rehabilitation program resulted in clinically and statistically significant improvements in physical performance, pain perception, and sarcopenia-related quality of life in older adults with sarcopenic obesity and chronic pain.

Background/Objectives: Heart failure (HF) is a systemic syndrome in which congestion, hypoperfusion, inflammation and neurohormonal activation may affect the liver, splanchnic circulation, intestinal barrier, pancreas, biliary system and nutritional state. This systematic review synthesised clinical evidence on digestive-system involvement in adults with established HF and examined its diagnostic and prognostic implications within a cautious cardio-gastrointestinal syndrome (CGIS) framework. Methods: The structured synthesis was based on an audited historical review register. The original project record reported 815 records before deduplication, although source-specific yields and the citation-level deduplication trail could not be reconstructed from the preserved files. A reproducibility–validation rerun was executed on 8 August 2026 in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection, targeting literature through 1 July 2026; exact day-level cutoff reproducibility differed by database. The rerun recovered all ten benchmark reference-set reports but was not used to redefine the historical corpus and does not establish search exhaustiveness. The final 29-report register was re-audited for eligibility, design, analysed sample, principal findings and cohort overlap. Owing to substantial heterogeneity, findings were synthesised narratively. Results: 29 eligible reports represented approximately 26 cohort families. Hepatic and splanchnic involvement was the most mature evidence cluster, followed by intestinal congestion/barrier dysfunction. Pancreatic, biliary, microbiota and nutritional findings were less independently replicated. Liver biochemistry, composite hepatic scores and venous Doppler phenotypes showed marker-specific prognostic associations. Intestinal oedema was associated with impaired oral diuretic response. Direct pancreatic exocrine-insufficiency evidence was limited to faecal-elastase assessment. Conclusions: Digestive involvement in HF is clinically coherent but unevenly evidenced. CGIS is best regarded as a hypothesis-generating framework rather than a validated diagnostic entity, and prospective standardised studies are required before organ-specific biomarkers or imaging thresholds enter routine algorithms.