Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are associated with the burden of premature deaths and huge medical costs globally. There is an increasing number of studies combining a multiple health behavior change (MHBC) intervention paradigm with eHealth approaches to jointly promote weight-related health behaviors among people with NCD; yet, a comprehensive summary of these studies is lacking. Objective: This review aims to meta-analyze the effectiveness and systematically summarize the characteristics of the relevant intervention studies for improving the outcomes of physical activity, healthy diet, and weight among people with NCD. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, 4 electronic databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus) were systematically searched to identify eligible articles based on a series of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Article selection, quality assessment, and data extraction were independently performed by 2 authors. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for 3 intervention outcomes (physical activity, healthy diet, and weight), and subsequent subgroup analyses were performed for gender, age, intervention duration, channel, and theory. Calculations were conducted, and figures were produced in SPSS 22 and Review Manager 5.3. Results: Of the 664 original hits generated by the systematic searches, 15 eligible studies with moderate to high quality were included. No potential publication bias was detected using statistical analyses. Studies varied in intervention channel, intensity, and content. The meta-analysis revealed that the eHealth MHBC interventions significantly promoted physical activity (SMD 0.85, 95% CI 0.23 to 1.47, P=.008) and healthy diet (SMD 0.78, 95% CI 0.13 to 1.43, P=.02), but did not contribute to a healthy weight status (SMD –0.13, 95% CI= –0.47 to 0.20, P=.43) among people with NCDs, compared to the control conditions. Results from subgroup analysis indicated that theory-based interventions achieved greater effect than nontheory-based interventions in promoting physical activity, and interventions with traditional approaches (SMS, telephone) were more effective than those with modern internet-based approaches in promoting healthy diet. Conclusions: The results of this review indicates that eHealth MHBC interventions achieve preliminary success in promoting physical activity and healthy diet behaviors among people with NCD. Future studies could improve the intervention design to achieve better intervention effectiveness. Trial Registration: PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42019118629; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=118629

An increasing number of studies are blending face-to-face interventions and electronic health (eHealth) interventions to jointly promote physical activity (PA) and diet among people. However, a comprehensive summary of these studies is lacking. This study aimed to synthesize the characteristics of blended interventions and meta-analyze the effectiveness of blended interventions in promoting PA, diet, and weight-related outcomes among adults. Following the PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched to identify eligible articles according to a series of inclusion criteria. The search was limited to English language literature and publication dates between January 2002 and July 2022. Effect sizes were calculated as standardized mean difference (SMD) for three intervention outcomes (physical activity, healthy diet, and weight-related). Random effect models were used to calculate the effect sizes. A sensitivity analysis and publication bias tests were conducted. Of the 1561 identified studies, 17 were eligible for the systematic review. Studies varied in participants, intervention characteristics, and outcome measures. A total of 14 studies were included in the meta-analyses. There was evidence of no significant publication bias. The meta-analyses indicated that the blended intervention could lead to a significant increase in walking steps (p < 0.001), total PA level (p = 0.01), and diet quality (p = 0.044), a significant decrease in energy intake (p = 0.004), weight (p < 0.001), BMI (p < 0.001), and waist circumferences (p = 0.008), but had no influence on more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) or fruit and vegetable intake among adults, compared with a control group. The study findings showed that blended interventions achieve preliminary success in promoting PA, diet, and weight-related outcomes among adults. Future studies could improve the blended intervention design to achieve better intervention effectiveness.

This study aimed to evaluate the association of the paraoxonase (PON) gene variants and Alzheimer disease (AD) using meta-analysis. Relevant studies were identified by searching English and Chinese databases extensively. Allele and genotype frequencies for each included study were extracted. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was employed to assess the quality of included studies. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated using a random-effects or fixed-effects model. A Q statistic was used to evaluate homogeneity, and Egger test and funnel plot were used to assess publication bias. A total of 15 studies (involving 5 polymorphisms) were included and identified for the current meta-analysis. The NOS scores ranged from 7 to 8, meaning good quality of studies. It was found that the SS genotype of PON2 S311C polymorphism had an significant association with AD in the studied population (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68-0.99, P = .04), and the A allele of PON1 rs705379 polymorphism was positively related to AD in Caucasian population (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05-1.39, P = .009) as well as the GG genotype decreased AD risk significantly in Caucasians (OR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.56-0.88, P = .002). However, there was no significant relationship between other 3 genetic variants of PON genes (L55 M, Q192 R, and −161C/T of PON1 gene) and AD. Existing evidence indicates that the S311C polymorphism (SS genotype) and the rs705379 (the A allele and GG genotype) are associated with risk of AD in studied population. Future studies with larger sample sizes will be necessary to confirm the present results.

Background: WeChat mini program–based interventions grounded in behavior change theories show promise in promoting and maintaining healthy lifestyles among patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) after hospital discharge. However, limited randomized controlled trials have evaluated the effectiveness of such interventions among Chinese patients with CVDs in a home-based rehabilitation context. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a 10-week WeChat mini program–based intervention on multiple health behaviors, including moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC), integrated lifestyle indicator (ie, meeting both MVPA and FVC recommendations), psychosocial resources (intrinsic and extrinsic) of behavior change, and health-related outcomes (ie, depressive symptoms and perceived quality of life) among Chinese patients with CVDs. Methods: This study recruited 166 outpatients from a cardiac rehabilitation center in China. After screening for eligibility and randomization, 124 participants (mean age 41.60, SD 13.48 years; 61.3% female) were allocated to either (1) the intervention group, which received a 10-week health program based on the Health Action Process Approach, or (2) a waitlist control group, which received no intervention and maintained their usual lifestyle. Both groups completed assessments at baseline, postintervention (10 weeks), and 3 months postintervention. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models in IBM SPSS 28.0. Results: Significant time-by-group interaction effects were observed for MVPA (F_{2, 122}=6.68; P=.002), FVC (F_{2, 122}=18.68; P<.001), integrated lifestyle indicator (F_{2, 122}=13.83; P<.001), intrinsic (F_{2, 122}=11.49; P<.001) and extrinsic psychosocial resources (F_{2,1 22}=5.35; P=.006) for MVPA, intrinsic resources for FVC (F_{2, 122}=12.66; P<.001), and perceived quality of life (F_{2, 122}=6.99; P=.001). The intervention group showed significant improvements in these outcomes compared to the control group, with medium-to-large effect sizes for behavior-related outcomes (d=0.57‐0.88), and small-to-medium effect sizes for psychosocial and health-related outcomes (d=0.28‐0.52). However, no significant effects were found for extrinsic resource for FVC (F_{2, 122}=1.37; P=.26) or depressive symptoms (F_{2, 122}=0.44; P=.64). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the primary findings. Conclusions: The 10-week Healthy Action Process Approach–based WeChat mini program intervention effectively improved MVPA, FVC, integrated lifestyle indicator, psychosocial resources of behavior change, and health-related outcomes among Chinese patients with CVDs. This intervention provides a valuable addition to rehabilitation strategies aimed at promoting long-term health and activity in cardiac patients following hospital discharge.

To summarize the characteristics, estimate the efficacy of multicomponent structured exercise (MSE) intervention on older adults’ depression, and investigate its potential moderators. MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and Embase databases were searched from January 1, 2000 to June 1, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included MSE intervention with aerobic, resistance and balance components targeting older adults, and reported depression as an outcome were selected. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to calculate effect sizes from the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Meta-regression was conducted to identify the potential moderators. Data were extracted from 19 studies (22 comparisons) with 1763 older adults. MSE showed a significant intervention effect on buffering older adults' depression (SMD, −0.49; 95 % CI, −0.84 to −0.14) but with considerable heterogeneity (I² = 92 %) and low certainty of evidence. In subgroup analyses, MSE with unhealthy status participants, intervention duration of 12–24 weeks, over 2 times/week intervention frequency, equipment used and $\ge$ 80 % retention rate showed significant effects on improvement of older adults’ depression. Intervention frequency (β, −0.83; 95 % CI, −1.50 to −0.16) and retention rate (β, 0.80; 95 % CI, 0.05 to 1.56) were identified as moderators. MSE significantly improved older adults’ depression. The findings highlighted the importance of intervention frequency and retention rate in enhancing MSE effectiveness. More high quality RCTs are required to explore and optimize the intervention strategies and dosages of MSE to extend the application in the prevention and treatment of geriatric depression.

1. Detection of CYP3A5 variant alleles, and knowledge about their allelic frequency in Uyghur ethnic groups, is important to establish the clinical relevance of screening for these polymorphisms to optimize pharmacotherapy. 2. We used DNA sequencing to investigate the promoter, exons and surrounding introns, and 3′-untranslated region of the CYP3A5 gene in 96 unrelated healthy Uyghur individuals. We also used SIFT and PolyPhen-2 to predict the protein function of the novel non-synonymous mutation in CYP3A5 coding regions. 3. We found 24 different CYP3A5 polymorphisms in the Uyghur population, three of which were novel: the synonymous mutation 43C > T in exon 1, two mutations 32120C > G and 32245T > C in 3′-untranslated region, and we detected the allele frequencies of CYP3A5*1 and *3 as 64.58% and 35.42%, respectively. While no subjects with CYP3A5*6 were identified. Other identified genotypes included the heterozygous genotype 1A/3A (59.38%) and 1A/3E (11.46%), which lead to decreased enzyme activity. In addition, the frequency of haplotype “TTAGGT” was the most prevalent with 0.781. 4. Our data provide new information regarding CYP3A5 genetic polymorphisms in Uyghur individuals, which may help to improve individualization of drug therapy and offer a preliminary basis for more rational use of drugs.