Nowadays, focusing on risk management is one of the core objectives of any organization. Failing to assess project risks during the planning stage could be hazardous throughout the entire project lifecycle. Therefore, risk assessment is so important and various methods have been developed for it. One of the most important risk assessment methods is Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). Despite the widespread applications of this method in various industries and organizations, FMEA is associated with some shortcomings that can lead to unrealistic results. In order to identify and evaluate the risks affecting construction projects and cover some shortcomings of the FMEA technique suggested an integrated model based on FMEA, Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA), and Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) methods under fuzzy environment in this research. To this end, a case study about the construction projects of the Iranian Road and Urban Development Organization is presented to illustrate the potential benefits and application of the proposed integrated approach. The results suggest that the new integrated model is more capable and accurate in identifying and prioritizing risk compared to the conventional FMEA technique and can provide useful information to help manage the risks of construction projects.

The mechanical behaviour of artificially cement-treated Babolsar sand reinforced with sack, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP) fibres is studied in this paper. Tests were conducted on cemented sand samples prepared at a relative density of 70%, with and without reinforcements on direct shear and triaxial apparatuses. Effects of parameters such as fibre content (FC), fibre type and normal or confining pressure (NP or CP) have been studied. Test results revealed that the addition of fibres had a significant effect on the behaviour of cemented sand. However, PP fibres are much more effective reinforcing materials than sack and PET fibres. A comparison between the results of direct shear tests and triaxial tests indicated that the fibre efficiency and its effect on soil behaviour is much more significant in triaxial tests compared with those in direct shear tests.

Despite growing demands for structures in water transportation tunnels, underground installations, subsurface dams, and subterranean channels, there is limited field knowledge about the dynamic behavior of these structures in the face of near-fault earthquakes or impulse excitations. This study conducted a large-scale test on underground tunnel excited by two close-in subsurface explosions. The horizontal and vertical acceleration were recorded on the vertical wall of the tunnel and the free field data including the acceleration on the ground surface at 11-meter distance from the tunnel. The frequency domain analysis of recorded results determined the frequency 961 Hz and 968 Hz for 1.69 kg and 2.76 kg equivalent T.N.T., respectively. Then, finite element analysis results were compared with the test data. The comparisons demonstrated a good correlation and satisfied the field data. Finally, based on numerical modeling, a parametric study was applied to determine the effects of shear wave velocity distance of the crater with respect to the tunnel on impulse response of the tunnel.