The convergence of information technology, media, and telecommunications has altered consumer behavior in terms of searching, obtaining, processing, and responding to a company’s information or services. The ability of a company to plan, implement, and manage digital marketing to increase its competitiveness in the eyes of consumers is referred to as digital marketing capability. This research presents a digital marketing utilization index (DMUI) to evaluate and improve a company’s digital marketing capability. DMUI is made up of three components: the innovation ecosystem readiness, the adoption of digital marketing technology, and the company’s digital transformation. Based on data from 217 companies in Indonesia, the results show that the DMUI of companies in Indonesia has an average of 71.97, indicating that the level of digital marketing capabilities of companies in Indonesia is in the medium category. They can improve their digital marketing capabilities by increasing the role of managerial innovativeness, organizational readiness, and perceived usefulness. Furthermore, businesses must carry out digital transformation by governing the transformation and reinvention of new business models. Finally, in addition to implementing digital marketing via websites, social media, mobile marketing, and content marketing, they must emphasize the importance of digital analytics, digital CRM, digital advertising, and display advertising to improve their company’s digital marketing capabilities.

Online food delivery (OFD) services can shape consumer habits through regular use. Although promotions attract consumers, they may also encourage food waste. This study analyzes factors influencing the intention to use OFD services and over-ordering behaviors by extending the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with variables such as sales promotion and leftover reuse. The study used purposive sampling and collected data from an online survey of 253 OFD service users in Jabodetabek. Descriptive analysis and Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) were applied. Results showed that most of the OFD users in this study were female residents of Bogor and Jakarta, aged 25 - 35 years old, single, holding a bachelor's degree, employed, with monthly incomes of IDR5,000,000 and IDR10,000,000, and spending IDR1,000,000 - IDR2,000,000 per month on food. Intention to use was influenced by attitude and subjective norms, while over-ordering was influenced by sales promotion and intention to use. The leftover reuse variable did not significantly influence the intention to use or over-ordering. Implications include encouraging continued OFD use through targeted advertising and features to help users manage consumption behavior, such as setting order reminders, providing nutritional information, and offering personalized portion recommendations. This study’s novelty lies in introducing a new variable and demonstrating that sales promotions can encourage over-ordering.

Unit-linked insurance (PAYDI), Indonesia's top-selling life insurance product, has driven industrial growth in the last two decades through effective agent marketing. However, its complexity, blending protection, and investment have drawn criticism for consumers’ detriment and increasing complaints about insurance agent practices. This study aimed to achieve critical objectives by examining consumer perceptions of agent-provided service quality and distinguishing between active and lapsed policyholders as a measure of loyalty. It also seeks to construct a model that delineates the impact of service quality on consumer satisfaction and loyalty with information asymmetry as a moderating variable. This study used a cross-sectional research design, and gathered data through electronic questionnaires distributed to PAYDI insurance consumers. Purposive sampling was used to select participants, resulting in 159 respondents meeting the study’s criteria. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). These findings underscore the critical influence of agent reliability and empathy on consumer satisfaction with information asymmetry emerging as a key moderator between satisfaction and loyalty. These results imply that reinforcing agent training in reliability, empathy, and efforts to minimize information asymmetry significantly enhances consumer satisfaction and loyalty in the insurance sector. This research suggests that companies should develop a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) and incentives for agents to enhance both customer acquisition and post-purchase services, ensure transparent information sharing, and set measurable satisfaction targets such as the Net Promoter Score (NPS). Future studies should focus on operational diversity and alternative proxies of firms.

Rice farming is one of the most energy-intensive production systems. Energy is becoming a critical factor that requires special attention to maintain efficiency. This study aimed to identify the introduction of automated systems and determine the energy consumption of automated systems in paddy plantations. The research covered Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA) areas, a major paddy planting area in Malaysia. Observations and interviews were conducted with selected farmers to obtain detailed data on energy consumption. The paddy planting process consists of nine steps: soil compatibility, condition of paddy fields, soil preparation, planting process, fertilisation, water management, pest control, harvest, and paddy handling. Nevertheless, as an automation system, drones were the only technology used in MADA areas (Region II). The harvesting process consumes the most energy during paddy planting, with an average value of 238.17 MJ, followed by the paddy handling process at 74.34 MJ. By using more powerful automation systems, farmers can reduce dependence on energy and increase yield efficiency. Greater engagement and impressive contributions are needed to enhance the yield and resilience of the agriculture sector.

The rise of social media, particularly Instagram, has transformed consumer behavior and marketing strategies in the fashion industry. This study aims to analyze the influence of social influence, influencer credibility, and parasocial relationships on brand credibility and purchase intention of fashion products on Instagram. Using a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey method, data were collected from 260 active Instagram users in Greater Jakarta who follow at least one fashion influencer. Structural Equation Modeling with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach was employed to examine the relationships between variables. The results indicate that influencer credibility, social influence, and parasocial relationships have a significant positive effect on brand credibility, which in turn influences purchase intention. Parasocial relationships also directly enhance purchase intention. These findings highlight the crucial role of emotional connection and perceived credibility in shaping consumer behavior on social media. The study provides practical implications for fashion marketers in selecting influencers and developing engagement strategies to boost brand trust and consumer intention to purchase. Further research is suggested to explore other social platforms and additional influencing variables.

To overcome environmental problems, experts developed the 3R concept (reuse, reduce, and recycle) to reduce community, industrial, and household waste. The 3R concept is a concept of integrating economic activities to create sustainability. Awareness of this problem has led to an increasing interest in the transition to a circular production model using the concept of the circular economy to optimize production with minimum resource consumption and side impacts, coupled with recycling waste made from the production process. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the circular economy as a whole, starting from the definition, challenges, processes, and advantages to make it easier for people to understand the circular economy concept, especially in fashion recycling. This research was carried out using the literature review method through collecting, reviewing, and reviewing articles discussing the circular economy using the keywords “circular economy,” “definition,” “challenges,” and “advantage.” The findings of this study indicate that a green economy will be the future compass for moving towards better awareness to protect our environment and the need to grow without sacrificing future generation resources potential. A circular economy could reduce pressure on the environment, improve the security of the supply of raw materials, increase competitiveness, generate stimulating innovation, and boost economic growth. Circular economy research in the Asian region is an essential consideration for future research.