Biochar increases crop yield, soil reliability, and carbon sequestration. This study examined how biochar affected soil properties and tomato yield in saline soil. The experiment was conducted in areas surrounding Khulna Agricultural University and in farmers’ fields close to Khulna, Bangladesh. The experiment’s layout was a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Tomato cultivation with eight treatments and three replications used biochar with the recommended fertilizer dose (RFD). Using biochar in saline soil significantly influenced tomato growth and yield character. Days after planting, plant height was dramatically impacted by various biochar treatment levels. The height of tomato plants ranged from 65.38 to 46.37 cm, yielding 49.23 tons per hectare. The experiments used biochar treatments to grow more tomatoes than traditional fertilizers and a control treatment. Compared with control treatments, biochar also changed the properties of salty soil after it was harvested. The soil’s pH is 6.51 and its particle density is highest at 2.65. The control treatments had the highest EC value, which was 2800, and the biochar application treatments had the lowest EC values. At 100 s/cm, the EC value made the soil 0.6 ppt saltier in the control treatment without biochar, but adding biochar made the soil 0.1 ppt less salty. The percentages of carbon, nitrogen, and organic matter were also the highest that they had been (1.88%, 1.073%, and 2.58%, respectively). The phosphorus concentration in the soil was 19.47 g/g after harvesting. The majority of K and S values used to treat salty soils are interchangeable. Significant changes in tomato growth, yield, and soil properties occurred when biochar was combined with recommended fertilizer doses and applied to saline soil for tomato cultivation.

Maize farmers in Bangladesh are unaware of the benefits of maize cultivation due to a lack of information and concept generation. The objectives of this study were to estimate the cost and return of maize cultivation; assess the input use efficiency of maize cultivation for marginal, small, and medium maize production to address the problems; and suggest policy recommendations. The study was conducted in six villages in the Chuadanga district in Bangladesh. Data were collected by using an interview schedule from the purposively selected 80 respondents during 1–30 June 2018. After analyzing the data, the total cost of production was Tk. 124,495, Tk. 134,335, and Tk. 140,579 for marginal, small, and medium maize production, respectively. Per hectare gross return was Tk. 213,997, Tk. 204,972, and Tk. 197,163, and per hectare gross margin was Tk. 120,478, Tk. 104,748, and Tk. 92,516. Net return was calculated by deducting the gross cost from the gross return, and these were Tk. 89,502, Tk. 70,637, and Tk. 56,584. The benefit–cost ratio was 1.72, 1.53, and 1.40 for marginal, small, and medium maize production, respectively. From Cobb–Douglas production function analysis, it was observed that the coefficients of land preparation cost, irrigation cost, urea, and MoP cost were significant at different levels of probability for marginal, small, and medium maize production, and the coefficients of human labor cost, seed and pesticide used was not significant while the coefficients of TSP was negative and significant. This study also identified some of the problems associated with maize production. The findings revealed that the high price of inputs was the most acute problem, followed by a lack of technical knowledge and shortage of human labor at the critical stage, and declining soil fertility was the last obstacle that stood in the way of maize production in the study area.

The majority of Bangladesh's population relies on agriculture for their livelihood. Almost half of Bangladesh's population works in agriculture, either directly or indirectly. Industry in the agricultural sector contributes 14.17 percent to GDP. Women's widespread but underrecognized involvement in the agricultural sector Women in rural areas are the unsung heroes of the economy. Women make up 18.3% of the workforce in agriculture and related occupations, while men make up 22.3%. Women's labor force participation increased by 192.84% from 1999-00 to 2016-17, compared to a rise of 55.97% for all workers. A decrease of 16.26% in male participation in agriculture has been observed during this time. Women's labor force participation in agriculture is inversely related to their level of education and access to electricity in rural areas. Information such as non-farming income, land size, and ownership status. There has been a rise in the number of women working in agriculture, but they continue to face barriers to education and advancement in the field. Women do a disproportionate amount of work in agriculture but are rarely credited for their efforts. Bangladesh received a 0.66 on the WEAI, with a 5DE score indicating that 75% of women are not empowered and a GPI score indicating that 61.22% of women do not have gender parity. Increasing women's access to production inputs, educating women to develop confidence in carrying out agricultural businesses, and improving extension workers' skills in handling female farmer groups are all necessary initiatives for empowering women in the agricultural sector. The ease with which women can perform agricultural tasks requires the attention of both the government and conscientious citizens.

Soil and nutrient loss is a multifactor threat to crop production and the environment in hilly area of Bangladesh. Most studies on soil erosion characterization have not focused on soil and nutrient loss associated with erosion which were affected by different cropping and mulch practices. The demand for food is expected to significantly increase with continued population growth over the next 50 years, indicating that agricultural efficiency should be simultaneously stabilized and enhanced. The experiments was conducted in the hill district of Bangladesh (CHTs) i.e Bandarban, under the AEZ 29 (Northern and Eastern Hills Tract) during March 2016 to November 2017 to study the soil and nutrient loss from hill as affected by different cropping and mulch practices. The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments for the experiment were: T₁ Mulch (20 t/ha with rice straw) and T₂No mulch in maize and turmeric field. Turmeric and maize cultivation showed economically better under mulch condition in hilly region. More nutrient depletion took place in no mulch condition under the cultivation of turmeric and maize crops. Due to non-mulching, the productivity loss in maize and turmeric was 1.37 and 2.56 t/ha, respectively. Turmeric showed higher benefit-cost ratio (BCR) in mulch practice (2.64) than in non-mulch (1.63) cropping.

Salinity stress affects cultivable areas in coastal districts to varying degrees. Bangladesh's coastal and offshore areas include tidal areas, estuaries, and river floodplains in the south along the Bay of Bengal. Agricultural land use in these areas is very poor, accounting for roughly half of the national average. Bangladesh's main food crop is rice. Rice seed germination, plant height, tiller numbers, and leaf area index are all negatively affected by salinity. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important cereal crop in terms of cultivated area and total production. It accounts for nearly 20% of the world's dietary energy supply. Salinity is an important abiotic ecological factor that reduces rice and other plant growth and productivity globally. Soil salinity has a global impact on agricultural productivity. Soil salinization is caused by climate change, and the dynamic scarcity of freshwater has harmed crop production worldwide. Proper nutrient management could increase agricultural production throughout saline areas by reducing the negative effects of salinity. This research can be carried out to determine which nutrient element (or elements) benefit rice the most when it is salted.