The most common methods of reducing mercury emissions are the use of fixed bed granular sorbents and sorbent injection. However, both of these methods have disadvantages, such as increasing the flow resistance or the need to remove the sorbent from flue gas, respectively. These disadvantages can be eliminated by using sorbents permanently bound to construction materials (fixed sorbent materials—FSMs) or mixed with construction materials (sorbent polymer composites—SPCs). The approach is unique in the world literature as well as the development of three stands and procedures enabling the testing of FSMs or SPC materials based on Tarflen as a construction material. In order to further tests of FSMs and SPCs, the system for laboratory tests and two systems for industrial tests are developed. These stands and procedures enable determination of the influence of: FSM or SPC module shapes, flue gas properties (e.g., composition, temperature, flow rate), and mercury concentration on the effectiveness of mercury removal by SPCs and FSMs. In this paper, the influence of module shapes, gas velocity, and temperature is particularly considered. In the final industrial tests, the FSM removes 99.5% Hg after 42 days and the SPC removes from 99.5% to 82.3% after 34 days.

The electrolyte supported intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) based on Bi₄V₂O₁₁ (BIVOX) ceramic stabilised by doping with La was investigated. By adding La to the initial composition of BIVOX, stabilisation of the good oxygen ion-conductive γ phase has been achieved. La addition has significantly increased the lifetime of SOFC due to the improved thermodynamic stability of BIVOX electrolyte in reducing (H₂ – fuel) atmosphere. Such fuel cell parameters as: open circuit voltage (OCV), maximum power density (P) and current density (J) in the temperature range 500–800°C and operating time under constant electronic load were determined. Results of the measurements of these electrical parameters for BILAVOX based single cell in function of the operation time and cyclic load changes were also shown. This is the first report on the construction and electrical properties of fuel cells based on BIMEVOX (BIVOX doped with MEtal) ceramics.