Acrylamide (AA), a detrimental aliphatic amide, is generated during food thermal processing as a result of the Maillard reaction occurring between asparagine and reducing sugars. WaveFlex fiber is a fiber-optic flexible sensor designed to enhance the evanescent wave for effectively exciting the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon, and in this study, the authors use this type of sensor to detect varying levels of AA. By immobilizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the probe’s surface, the evanescent field has the capability to trigger the activation of AuNPs and induce the occurrence of LSPR phenomena. In order to excite LSPR better and generate stronger evanescent field, WaveFlex biosensor is fabricated using single-mode fiber. Cerium oxide nanorods (CeO ₂ -NRs) and MXene are used to modulate the LSPR phenomenon by altering the dielectric environment of AuNPs. As a result, the sensing performance of the sensor is improved and the surface area of the fiber probe is increased, providing an additional attachment point for the AA antibody. The AA sensor’s specific selectivity is enhanced by functionalizing the surface of the sensing probe with acrylamide antibody. The sensor has a linear range of 3 to 13 μg/mL with a detection limit of 1.13 μg/mL. Finally, the recoveries of AA in biscuits and chips are 82.8% ~ 99.7% and 83.7% ~ 100.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the probe’s potential for detecting AA levels is demonstrated through rigorous testing of its reusability, reproducibility, stability, pH, and selectivity. The obtained results indicate a promising application scope for this WaveFlex biosensor.

The increasing enhancement in the modulation accuracy of spatial light modulators has garnered significant attention towards real-time control technology for light fields based on these modulators. It has been empirically demonstrated that this technology possesses a remarkable capability to generate vector beams with arbitrary complex amplitude distributions. Nevertheless, past studies indicate that the generation of only one vector beam at a time has been observed. The simultaneous generation of numerous vector light fields can give rise to several challenges, including compromised picture quality, limited single mode operation, and intricate optical path configurations. In pursuit of this objective, we present a novel methodology that integrates the coding methodology of modified off-axis interferometric holography with the idea of optical superposition. This technique facilitates the concurrent generation of several vector beams. In this study, we present a demonstration of the simultaneous creation of twelve vector beams using a single spatial light modulator (SLM) as a proof of concept. Significantly, this technology has the ability to generate an unlimited quantity of vector light fields concurrently, under the assumption that the resolution of the SLM does not impose any limitations. The findings indicate that the imaging quality achieved by this technology is of a high standard. Furthermore, it is possible to separately control the beam waist radius, topological charge, polarization order, and extra phase of each beam.