Metasurfaces integrated with high-performance films exhibit unique optoelectronic properties and hold great potential for applications in terahertz detection. Achieving high responsivity, sensitivity, and frequency-selective detection all at once remains a major challenge for current terahertz detectors. This study developed a droplet-shaped frequency-selective terahertz detector for 6G technology, aiming to meet the demands for high performance and frequency-selective responsiveness. By utilizing a unique droplet-shaped structure and incorporating a three-layer structure of magnetically responsive materials, this detector achieves highly efficient frequency-selective detection of magnetic gain. The characteristic frequency response at 0.1 THz is enhanced by using an external magnetic field and the localized surface plasmon (LSP). The experimental results indicate that the detector has a responsivity of up to 2522 MV/W, sensitivity as low as 2.11 pW/Hz ^0.5 , under the same conditions (with 0.145 mT), the response time is only 1.8 ns, offering new insights into the functionalities and performance of 6G detectors and promising widespread development in future communication technologies.

Acrylamide (AA), a detrimental aliphatic amide, is generated during food thermal processing as a result of the Maillard reaction occurring between asparagine and reducing sugars. WaveFlex fiber is a fiber-optic flexible sensor designed to enhance the evanescent wave for effectively exciting the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon, and in this study, the authors use this type of sensor to detect varying levels of AA. By immobilizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the probe’s surface, the evanescent field has the capability to trigger the activation of AuNPs and induce the occurrence of LSPR phenomena. In order to excite LSPR better and generate stronger evanescent field, WaveFlex biosensor is fabricated using single-mode fiber. Cerium oxide nanorods (CeO ₂ -NRs) and MXene are used to modulate the LSPR phenomenon by altering the dielectric environment of AuNPs. As a result, the sensing performance of the sensor is improved and the surface area of the fiber probe is increased, providing an additional attachment point for the AA antibody. The AA sensor’s specific selectivity is enhanced by functionalizing the surface of the sensing probe with acrylamide antibody. The sensor has a linear range of 3 to 13 μg/mL with a detection limit of 1.13 μg/mL. Finally, the recoveries of AA in biscuits and chips are 82.8% ~ 99.7% and 83.7% ~ 100.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the probe’s potential for detecting AA levels is demonstrated through rigorous testing of its reusability, reproducibility, stability, pH, and selectivity. The obtained results indicate a promising application scope for this WaveFlex biosensor.

A novel experimental setup for the generation of arbitrary vector beams is proposed. The system major includes two reflective liquid crystal spatial light modulators (RLC-SLM) and a polarizing beam splitting prism. Moreover, this method is not limited by the wavelength of light wave and the pixel size of SLM. Theoretical analysis shows that when Gaussian beam or a plane beam is illuminated on a computer-generated hologram (CGH) specially designed in this work, the complex amplitudes of the vector field’s two orthogonal polarization components may be changed by modifying the encoding parameters, resulting in a vector beam with arbitrary complex amplitude and polarization in the output field. The experimental results also show that the two independent coding channels of the device have good polarization-selective imaging ability, which greatly improves the flexibility of generating arbitrary vector beams.

The increasing enhancement in the modulation accuracy of spatial light modulators has garnered significant attention towards real-time control technology for light fields based on these modulators. It has been demonstrated that this technology possesses a remarkable capability to generate vector beams with arbitrary complex amplitude distributions. Nevertheless, past studies indicate that the generation of only one vector beam at a time has been observed. The simultaneous generation of numerous vector light fields can give rise to several challenges, including compromised picture quality, limited single-mode operation, and intricate optical path configurations. In pursuit of this objective, we present a novel methodology that integrates the coding methodology of modified off-axis interferometric holography with the idea of optical superposition. This technique facilitates the concurrent generation of several vector beams. In this study, we present a demonstration of the simultaneous creation of twelve vector beams using a single spatial light modulator (SLM) as a proof of concept. Significantly, this technology has the ability to generate an unlimited quantity of vector light fields concurrently under the assumption that the resolution of the SLM does not impose any limitations. The findings indicate that the imaging quality achieved by this technology is of a high standard. Furthermore, it is possible to separately control the beam waist radius, topological charge, polarization order, and extra phase of each beam.

The increasing enhancement in the modulation accuracy of spatial light modulators has garnered significant attention towards real-time control technology for light fields based on these modulators. It has been empirically demonstrated that this technology possesses a remarkable capability to generate vector beams with arbitrary complex amplitude distributions. Nevertheless, past studies indicate that the generation of only one vector beam at a time has been observed. The simultaneous generation of numerous vector light fields can give rise to several challenges, including compromised picture quality, limited single mode operation, and intricate optical path configurations. In pursuit of this objective, we present a novel methodology that integrates the coding methodology of modified off-axis interferometric holography with the idea of optical superposition. This technique facilitates the concurrent generation of several vector beams. In this study, we present a demonstration of the simultaneous creation of twelve vector beams using a single spatial light modulator (SLM) as a proof of concept. Significantly, this technology has the ability to generate an unlimited quantity of vector light fields concurrently, under the assumption that the resolution of the SLM does not impose any limitations. The findings indicate that the imaging quality achieved by this technology is of a high standard. Furthermore, it is possible to separately control the beam waist radius, topological charge, polarization order, and extra phase of each beam.

The incorporation of hybrid nanomaterials and fiber architectures into fiber-optic biosensors has proven to be effective in improving sensing performance. This study developed a plasmonic biosensor using a tapered multimode fiber (MMF)–multicore fiber (MCF)–MMF structure functionalized with a nanocomposite of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), tungsten disulfide quantum dots (WS₂-QDs), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for selective triclosan detection. Combining WS₂-QDs and MWCNTs with AuNPs leverages their individual advantages, creating an active sensing interface with abundant analyte-binding sites, thereby substantially improving responsiveness. The composite-modified structure also promotes higher-order mode generation, which is critical for sensitivity enhancement. When optically excited, the periodic plasmonic geometry produces strong evanescent fields that intensify interactions between the immobilized nanocomposite and target molecules. Transmission spectroscopy demonstrated that the biosensor achieved a detection limit of 3.87 µM within the 0–40 µM range. These results show that the strategic combination of WS₂-QDs and MWCNTs with AuNPs significantly amplifies localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects. This architecture offers a promising approach for developing sensitive fiber-optic biosensors, particularly for environmental monitoring of agents like triclosan.