In the “Q-factor” laboratory of the Don State Technical University, seeding planters are created with the original design of sowing devices, using modern materials and technologies. The design of a row seeding planter is considered, which allows coordinating the speed of the seed and the speed of the unit for a better sowing process. A new classification feature in the design of the row precise seeding planter is designated - the height of the sowing device from the bottom of the furrow. The characteristic features of the constructions of serial seeding planters on the basis of the aforecited feature were identified and analyzed. The rationale for the need to improve the technological process of sowing seeds of row crops by serial seeding planters is given. The problem is indicated, which is the lack of automation in controlling the precision sowing process during the operation of the seeding planters. A functional diagram and design of a sowing device with a seed tube is proposed, in which the ability to control the flight speed of seeds directly during sowing is implemented. A setup for testing the sowing device is presented with the aim of increasing the accuracy of determining the parameters of the operating modes of the sowing device of precise seeding planters in laboratory conditions. The results of laboratory experiments are obtained, which makes it possible to judge the possibility of controlling the speed of seeds directly during sowing process.

Crops play a vital role in our daily life, as they represent the backbone of all life on earth and an essential resource for human food, feed grain, oil, and fiber for local consumption and a major component of export trade in many countries, leading to its increasing demand all over the world. Precision planting is the effective method to rise crop yield. To meet the agricultural requirement of precision planting, various types of different precision seed planters have been developed. However, because of the difference of farm scale, geographical environment, crop type and economic status among different countries, types of seed planters are various, and the technique involved are at different levels. This paper analysis and compare of some typically precision seed planters currently available in the world. Detailed characteristics have been provided for some typical precision planters and comparisons were made as to their suitability under working conditions. This allows the smallholder farmers to assess and select the appropriate precision seed planter that corresponds to the potential and characteristics required, for example, planting seeds, the possibility of adding fertilizer during cropping, the number of rows and the horsepower required, controlling the seeds rate, spacing between seeds in the same rows in addition to more other options.

Sesame crop is one of the oldest oil producing crops around the world, which has a high ability to adapt to tropical and semi-tropical regions. Sesame seeds are widely involved in making healthy foods, which is increasingly in demand nowadays. Moreover, they have positive effects on human health because of their contain of nutrients, antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins.The purpose of this work is to give a general view of the sesame crop in terms of physical and chemical properties, which affect the design and work of agricultural machinery that used for sowing sesame seeds, as well as aims to give a global overview of available sesame cultivation technology and its development in different regions of the world to indicate the gaps and make future recommendations. The low cultivated area of the sesame seeds in many countries is caused by the low labor, which is a fundamental factor in addition to using the traditional methods of planting and sowing sesame seeds such as hand planting, and limited use of mechanically planting such as row planteruntil.

Thearticlegives the calculationdiagrams of the sieve modules for grain cleaning machines whichallow to analyze the operation of the grain cleaning machines, and the trajectory of materials moving within the machine. A generalized mathematical model of the functioning of air-sieve machines and sieve modules is presented. Based on the regression equations adequately describing the processes occurring on the sieves, the simulation of the calculation schemes of the sieve modules of grain cleaning machineswas carried out.The modeling results, such as the purity of the grain material, the completeness of the separation of impurities, the content of weed and grain impurities are presented in the form of dependencies, allowing them to be analyzed and selected the most efficient grain cleaning machine for the production line of seed material.

Introduction. Sesame crop is one of the most important export crops in many countries around the world, especially in Africa. To meet the agricultural requirement of precision planting, various types of precision seed planters have been developed. Numerous studies were carried out to study the optimisation of the parameters of the precision planting. One of these parameters, affecting the quality of the precision seeder, is the grain outflow from the seed metering device. Materials and Methods. In order to maintain good continuous performance of an oscillating seeder, it is important to monitor seed flow in real-time and adjust oscillation parameters automatically. Existing research methods, such as prototyping and monitoring the process using a high-speed camera, by reason of the random movement of particles, do not allow obtaining sufficient data to understand trajectories and velocities of particles and existing equations for particle motion when simulating the sowing process do not allow taking into account the interaction of particles that having various shapes, rolling and sliding friction coefficients, and the elastic modulus of particle materials and a working body. In this study, the outflow rate of sesame seeds in an oscillating seed metering device was modeled using the simulation method based on the discrete element method. The aim of this study is to create a simulation model of an oscillating-type sowing planter using the sowing sesame seeds as an example for evaluating the effectiveness of this model, and the possibility of further optimization and prediction of sowing seeds with this device. Results. The analysis of the results showed that during the simulation, the sowing rate of sesame seeds when leaving the oscillating seed metering holes has significant differences in number and direction. The results of the modeling process in this study showed that when opening a hole in the oscillating seeder, a number of sesame seeds from 0 to 4 were coming out of it. The resulting model allows monitoring the behavior of each particle of a sesame seed, analyzing its trajectory, speed, and forces acting on it at any one time, and varying the parameters to obtain the dependence of uneven seeding on the kinematic and geometric parameters of the device. Discussion and Conclusion. The obtained simulation results provide an effective method for predicting the consumption of sesame seeds from the oscillating seed meter, which serves as the basis for optimizing the kinematic and geometric parameters of the oscillating sowing device in order to increase its efficiency. This model is universal and can be adapted to sow other crops.

Schematic layout and graph model of seed-cleaning unit are introduced in the article. Input vector, vector of control factors and vector of output characteristics are mentioned. The general mathematical model of purification section process is given. This model together with an oriented graph allows to conduct a program forecast and to find out the rational directions of increasing the efficiency of the work of individual working bodies and the system as a whole.