Crops play a vital role in our daily life, as they represent the backbone of all life on earth and an essential resource for human food, feed grain, oil, and fiber for local consumption and a major component of export trade in many countries, leading to its increasing demand all over the world. Precision planting is the effective method to rise crop yield. To meet the agricultural requirement of precision planting, various types of different precision seed planters have been developed. However, because of the difference of farm scale, geographical environment, crop type and economic status among different countries, types of seed planters are various, and the technique involved are at different levels. This paper analysis and compare of some typically precision seed planters currently available in the world. Detailed characteristics have been provided for some typical precision planters and comparisons were made as to their suitability under working conditions. This allows the smallholder farmers to assess and select the appropriate precision seed planter that corresponds to the potential and characteristics required, for example, planting seeds, the possibility of adding fertilizer during cropping, the number of rows and the horsepower required, controlling the seeds rate, spacing between seeds in the same rows in addition to more other options.

Sesame crop is one of the oldest oil producing crops around the world, which has a high ability to adapt to tropical and semi-tropical regions. Sesame seeds are widely involved in making healthy foods, which is increasingly in demand nowadays. Moreover, they have positive effects on human health because of their contain of nutrients, antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins.The purpose of this work is to give a general view of the sesame crop in terms of physical and chemical properties, which affect the design and work of agricultural machinery that used for sowing sesame seeds, as well as aims to give a global overview of available sesame cultivation technology and its development in different regions of the world to indicate the gaps and make future recommendations. The low cultivated area of the sesame seeds in many countries is caused by the low labor, which is a fundamental factor in addition to using the traditional methods of planting and sowing sesame seeds such as hand planting, and limited use of mechanically planting such as row planteruntil.

Introduction. Sesame crop is one of the most important export crops in many countries around the world, especially in Africa. To meet the agricultural requirement of precision planting, various types of precision seed planters have been developed. Numerous studies were carried out to study the optimisation of the parameters of the precision planting. One of these parameters, affecting the quality of the precision seeder, is the grain outflow from the seed metering device. Materials and Methods. In order to maintain good continuous performance of an oscillating seeder, it is important to monitor seed flow in real-time and adjust oscillation parameters automatically. Existing research methods, such as prototyping and monitoring the process using a high-speed camera, by reason of the random movement of particles, do not allow obtaining sufficient data to understand trajectories and velocities of particles and existing equations for particle motion when simulating the sowing process do not allow taking into account the interaction of particles that having various shapes, rolling and sliding friction coefficients, and the elastic modulus of particle materials and a working body. In this study, the outflow rate of sesame seeds in an oscillating seed metering device was modeled using the simulation method based on the discrete element method. The aim of this study is to create a simulation model of an oscillating-type sowing planter using the sowing sesame seeds as an example for evaluating the effectiveness of this model, and the possibility of further optimization and prediction of sowing seeds with this device. Results. The analysis of the results showed that during the simulation, the sowing rate of sesame seeds when leaving the oscillating seed metering holes has significant differences in number and direction. The results of the modeling process in this study showed that when opening a hole in the oscillating seeder, a number of sesame seeds from 0 to 4 were coming out of it. The resulting model allows monitoring the behavior of each particle of a sesame seed, analyzing its trajectory, speed, and forces acting on it at any one time, and varying the parameters to obtain the dependence of uneven seeding on the kinematic and geometric parameters of the device. Discussion and Conclusion. The obtained simulation results provide an effective method for predicting the consumption of sesame seeds from the oscillating seed meter, which serves as the basis for optimizing the kinematic and geometric parameters of the oscillating sowing device in order to increase its efficiency. This model is universal and can be adapted to sow other crops.

The purpose of the research is to identify the impact of sprinkler irrigation in rice crop rotation on rice productivity and soil fertility of irrigated lands of the Krasnodar region. To achieve this goal, the tasks of studying the density of weed seedlings after sprinkler irrigation, the content of water-soluble salts and humus in the soil of rice fields, and the reaction of an intensive variety of rice cultivated after irrigation and drainage techniques in rice fields were completed. Material and methods. Field studies were carried out on the Kuban irrigation system of the Krasnodar territory, which is the most typical in terms of soil conditions for the western climatic zone of the region, with various variants for sprinkler irrigation after major planning of basins. An intensive of Rapan rice variety was used. The methods of the Federal Research Center for Rice, the Kuban State Agrarian University, and Russian standards were applied. Conclusions, the obtained results of the conducted studies prove the effectiveness of sprinkler irrigation in rice crop rotation, increase soil fertility, rice productivity, and contribute to the production of environmentally friendly products without herbicides treatment.