The development and advancement of information and communication technologies have led to major changes in industry and the labor system in Indonesia. In the context of the digital economy, Indonesia needs to immediately improve digital labor policies based on research results. However, studies on Indonesian digital workforces mostly come from global nonacademic publications, which acknowledge the limitation of the workforces. This study addresses the gaps between the supply and demand of digital workforces in 2021–2025 by conducting a Bayesian analysis on the data from the 2018 Indonesian Statistics Bureau and the 2020 ILO ICT job demand forecast. According to the findings, the supply of digital workforces will outnumber the demand, which is expected to be 600,000 workers per year. This surplus number poses a new challenge for the government if the available workforce lacks the competencies needed in the industry. According to the study, IT system programmer/developer/administrator/system analyst and IT web designer/developer will still be popular job roles during this time. It is suggested that improving these digital skills in the current and future workforces should be a top priority for the government.

Thesis. The aim of the study is to identify the deficiency of the assumptions of Symbolic Convergence Theory (Bormann, 1973, 1985) by implementing the theory in the context of collective sensemaking of interfaith harmony by teacher and student groups at different faith elementary schools. The study argues that collective sensemaking of reality can also be affected by organisational values, such as religious values, organisation vision and missions, and structure. Concept. To analyse and interpret the data the study implements the concepts of SCT based on the perspective that collective sensemaking occurs through the process of communication, or practice of discourse, or dramatisation. The process of dramatisation involves exchange of fantasy themes, namely creative and imaginative interpretations, constructed by individuals according to their own purposes. An overlapping of fantasy themes occurring within the dramatisation will develop a common understanding and group cohesiveness. A collection of fantasy themes in group rhetoric indicates the rhetorical vision of the group. Results and conclusions. The results show commonalities and differences between teacher and student groups and between the two faith groups not only those of the fantasy themes created by the groups but also of the values that underlie the collective sensemaking of social diversity. They also show that the structure of each rhetorical group affects the collective sensemaking by defining the character of membership that can limit in rhetorical communities through organisational rules, as well as the vision and mission of the organisation based on religious values adhered to. The study proposes additional assumptions and propositions for SCT and recommends further study or analysis to test and develop SCT.

Purpose: This study deconstructs how Indonesia's digital skill training programme became a site for the exercise of bureaucratic power. It analyses how policy decisions created structural barriers that undermined the programme's mission of social justice. Design/methodology/approach: This qualitative case study of Indonesia's training programme employs an innovative method. It harnesses the context-input-process-product (CIPP) framework as an analytical scaffold, integrated with Foucault's theory of power/knowledge. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, focus-group discussions (FGDs), observations and document analysis. Findings: The findings reveal a profound gap between policy rhetoric and institutional practice. Administrative actions, such as the redefinition of “digital talent”, operated as disciplinary power through output-driven metrics. These practices subverted the programme's equity goals, diluted resources for the original target group and ultimately perpetuated rather than mitigated systemic inequalities. Research limitations/implications: The study's qualitative focus on a single case inherently constrains the generalisability of its findings. It underscores the need for further comparative research to explore whether these dynamics of power are present in other workforce development programmes. Practical implications: Meaningful reform requires participatory governance that counters top-down bureaucratic power and aligns programme objectives with the needs of marginalised communities. Originality/value: The research's originality lies in its novel application of Foucault's critical theory to the technical domain of a training programme. By utilising the CIPP model as a tool for critical inquiry, this study reveals the hidden mechanisms of power that standard evaluations often overlook.

This chapter examines the Indonesian National Work Competency Standards (NWCS) and the Digital Talent Scholarship (DTS) programme from 2019 to 2023, specifically focusing on organisational learning processes. It investigates how the DTS program, aligned with NWCS, promoted individual learning, facilitated knowledge sharing, and fostered programme-level learning to advance digital talent development. The study analysed the mechanisms through which the DTS programme supported skills development and knowledge dissemination, while also identifying the challenges and barriers to effective organisational learning encountered within the programme. The findings revealed critical enablers and obstacles to organisational learning within the DTS program, including the influence of leadership support, the effectiveness of knowledge management practices, and difficulties adapting to the industry’s rapidly changing needs. The discussion highlighted the necessity of incorporating organisational learning principles into designing and implementing digital talent development initiatives to improve their effectiveness and long-term sustainability. These findings provided valuable insights for enhancing Indonesia’s digital workforce and ensuring its competitiveness in the global digital economy. The DTS programme can evolve into a catalyst for sustainable innovation, effectively equipping Indonesia’s workforce with the cutting-edge skills necessary to thrive, compete, and lead in the global digital economy, fostering long-term economic growth and resilience. <!----> <!----> <!----> <!---->