The current research is concerned with the synthesis of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles (NPs) from Abrus precatorius L. bark extract via the green chemistry method. The synthesized MgO NPs was confirmed by using several characterization methods like XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, and UV-visible analysis. The synthesized MgO NPs displayed a small particle size along with a specific surface area. Abrus precatorius bark synthesized MgO NPs with a higher ratio of dye degradation, and antioxidant activity showed a higher percentage of free radical scavenging in synthesized MgO NPs. Zebrafish embryos were used as a model organism to assess the toxicity of the obtained MgO nanoparticles, and the results concluded that the MgO NPs were nontoxic. In addition, the anticancer properties of MgO nanoparticles were analyzed by using a human melanoma cancer cell line (A375) via MTT, XTT, NRU, and LDH assessment. MgO NPs treated a human melanoma cancer cell line and resulted in apoptosis and necrosis based on the concentration, which was confirmed through a genotoxicity assay. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms in necrosis and apoptosis were conferred to depict the association of magnesium oxide nanoparticles with the human melanoma cancer cell line. The current study on MgO NPs showed a broad-scope understanding of the use of these nanoparticles as a medicinal drug for melanoma cancer via its physiological mechanism and also a novel route to obtain MgO NPs by using the green chemistry method.

The novel pyrene-appended Schiff base probe L with aggregation-induced emissions (AIE) relevant to an increase in water fractions (0–90%) is synthesized and applied in sequentially detecting Cu²⁺ and CN⁻. The pyrene-based probe L firstly induces the excimer formation in the presence of Cu²⁺. However, the process can be reversed by sequentially adding CN⁻, which is demonstrated using the fluorescence “Off-On-Off” response in semi-aqueous media ethanol water (v/v = 7/3) under physiological pH (5 mM HEPES, pH 7.0). The Job’s plot, mass analysis, ¹H NMR titrations, and density functional theory (DFT) interrogations confirm the 2:1 stoichiometry of excimer complex L–Cu²⁺-L*, preferential binding atoms, and CN⁻ tuned complex reversibility. Based on the photoluminescence (PL) titration, the association constant of L to Cu²⁺ is determined as 4.95 × 10⁶ M⁻¹. From standard deviation and linear fittings, the detection limits (LODs) of Cu²⁺ and CN⁻ are estimated as 219 nM and 580 nM, respectively. The practicality of Cu²⁺ and CN⁻ detection is demonstrated using a TLC plate and a blended polymer membrane through which significant color changes under a UV lamp can be monitored. Moreover, utility of the designed probe L towards biological application with low toxicity is demonstrated by detecting Cu²⁺ and CN⁻ inside HeLa cells. The responses of the probe to Cu(II) ions were also verified using living HeLa cells imaging.

Background/Objectives: The use of collagen-based scaffolds in dentition tissue engineering has gained significance and importance in the field as they are structurally equivalent and biologically compatible with the native extracellular matrix (ECM). In this review, collagen-composite scaffolds for pulp, alveolar bone, and periodontal regeneration are analyzed in terms of materials, fabrication techniques, and clinical outcomes. Methods: Recent developments in collagen scaffolds are highlighted in this review, with a focus on type I collagen due to its structural strength and arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD) motifs, which promote cell adhesion and differentiation. Composite materials, freeze-drying, electrospinning, and 3D bioprinting, which are used to improve the functionality of the scaffold, are key developments. Results: This review shows progress in collagen-based scaffolds for restoring dental tissues, such as dentin, gingival tissue, or bone, in humans. Electrospinning and 3D bioprinting are new manufacturing techniques that enhance the functionality of scaffold devices, and incorporating bioactive molecules increases the regenerative capacity; however, stability and long-term efficacy are still problems. Conclusions: Although they have a lot of potential, collagen-composite scaffolds face challenges like rapid degradation and limited mechanical strength. To make long-lasting, tailored dental regeneration therapies feasible, future research needs to improve smart biomaterials, gene delivery, and personalized designs for dental regenerative therapy.

Novel anthracene-based Schiff base derivative (4-(anthracen-9-ylmethylene) amino)-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol; AT2) is synthesized and utilized as an aggregation-induced emission-enhancement (AIEE) active probe to detect Zn²⁺ and Tyrosine. Ultraviolet-visible absorption/photoluminescence (UV-vis/PL) spectroscopy studies on the AIEE property of AT2 (in ethanol) with increasing water fractions (f_w: 0–97.5%) confirm the J-type aggregation. Excellent sensor selectivity of AT2 to Zn²⁺ and its reversibility with Tyrosine are demonstrated with PL interrogations. 2:1 and 1:1 stoichiometry and binding sites of AT2-Zn²⁺ and Tyrosine-Zn²⁺ complexes are elucidated from Job plots, HR-mass, and ¹H-NMR results. Nanomolar-level detection limits (LODs) of Zn²⁺ (179 nM) and Tyrosine (667 nM) and association constants (K_as) of 2.28 × 10⁻⁶ M⁻² (for AT2-Zn²⁺) and 1.39 × 10⁻⁷ M⁻¹ (for Tyrosine-Zn²⁺) are determined from standard deviation and linear fittings. Nanofiber formation in AIEE and aggregated/dispersed nanoparticles in the presence of the Zn²⁺/Tyrosine are supported by scanning-electron microscope (SEM), transmission-electron microscope (TEM), atomic-force microscope (AFM), and dynamic-light scattering (DLS) investigations. Density-functional theory (DFT) studies confirm an “On-Off” twisted intramolecular charge transfer/photo-induced electron transfer (TICT/PET) and “On-Off-On” PET mechanisms for AIEE and sensors, respectively. B16-F10 cellular and zebrafish imaging are conducted to support the applications of AIEE and sensors.