Geographical information systems are frequently used in analyses of air quality based on location and time. They are also used in the creation of pollution distribution maps to determine the parameters related to air pollutants. In this study, a spatial analysis of SO₂, PM₁₀, CO, NO₂ and O₃ pollutants, which cause air pollution within the borders of the municipal urban areas of Konya province, was carried out for the years 2019–2020. In this context, air pollution maps were produced using the IDW interpolation method with data obtained from the National Air Quality Monitoring Network stations, which belong to the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, in the Konya region. The results obtained were examined with maps and graphics based on the limit values found in the Air Quality Assessment and Management Regulation published by the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization. In this context, the periods of lockdown experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic were also evaluated in terms of air pollution. From the evaluation made on the values taken from the air quality stations, it can be observed that the air pollution did not violate the national limit value much in 2019 and 2020.

With the use of maps in different areas, a wide range of users exist who vary in their purposes and needs, according to their education level, age, cognitive level, and so on. Maps used by students in basic education need to be carefully designed and cartographers have important duties and responsibilities in designing maps according to the cognitive development levels of child users. An atlas design and production project entitled 'Atlas of Turkey for Elementary School' was carried out by the authors for the first stage of education. The aim of the study is to determine the contribution of the atlas to learning, reading and using maps. Thus, a questionnaire was applied to 494 students including 73 3rd grade (8–9 years) and 421 4th grade (9–10 years) students in four different schools. The results indicate that the use of the atlas increased the students' learning ability by an average of 40%.

Precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR) is a powerful tool for geodetic and time-constrained applications that require high precision. The performance of PPP-AR highly depends on the reliability of the correct integer carrier-phase ambiguity estimation. In this study, the performance of narrow-lane ambiguity resolution of PPP using the Least-squares AMBiguity Decorrelation (LAMBDA) and bootstrapping methods is extensively investigated using real data from 55 IGS stations over one-month in 2020. Static PPP with 24-, 12-, 8-, 4-, 2-, 1- and ½-h sessions using two different cutoff angles (7° and 30°) was conducted with three PPP modes: i.e. ambiguity-float and two kinds of ambiguity-fixed PPP using the LAMBDA and bootstrapping methods for narrow-lane AR, respectively. The results show that the LAMBDA method can produce more reliable results for 2 hour and shorter observation sessions compared with the bootstrapping method using a 7° cutoff angle. For a 30° cutoff angle, the LAMBDA method outperforms the bootstrapping method for observation sessions of 4 h and less. For long observation times, the bootstrapping method produced much more accurate coordinates compared with the LAMBDA method without considering the wrong fixes cases. The results also show that occurrences of fixing the wrong integer ambiguities using the bootstrapping method are higher than that of the LAMBDA method.

Küresel ısınma, artan nüfus ve susuz topraklar, orman yangınlarının sıklığını ve şiddetini artırmaktadır. Küresel ısınma sıcaklıkları yükseltir ve kuraklıkları uzatarak ormanları yangına daha duyarlı hale getirir. Artan nüfus, ormanları yerleşim ve tarım için baskı altında tutar, yangın riskini artırır. Susuz topraklar ve bitki örtüsü kolayca tutuşarak yangınların yayılmasını hızlandırır. Yangınların ardından, hasar tespiti ve yeşillendirme çalışmaları önemlidir. Bu çalışma, 18 Temmuz 2023'te Rodos Adası'ndaki orman yangınının bitki örtüsüne etkisini incelemektedir. Landsat 8 uydu görüntüleriyle yapılan spektral analizlerle, yangının bitki örtüsüne verdiği hasar tespit edilmiştir. NBR (Normalized Burn Ratio) indeksi, yangın öncesi ve sonrası bitki örtüsündeki değişimi belirlemiştir. Yanmış alan, dNDVI ve dNBR kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. dNDVI, bitki örtüsünün sağlığını ölçerken, dNBR yangın öncesi ve sonrası yanmış alanları belirler. Yanmış alan, dNDVI ile 16.037 ha ve dNBR ile 17.678 ha olarak hesaplanmış, iki yöntem uyumlu sonuçlar vermiştir. Yanmış alan, habitat kaybı, biyolojik çeşitliliğe olumsuz etkiler ve toprak erozyonu gibi önemli ekolojik sonuçlar doğurur. Bu analizler, ekosistemin iyileşme sürecini planlamak ve uygun restorasyon stratejileri geliştirmek için gereklidir.

One of the most important parts of disaster management and disaster risk reduction strategies is the special vulnerability of children and the need to increase disaster awareness among them. It is very effective to design and develop awareness-raising tools suitable for children’s learning needs in this process. The main purpose of this study is to contribute to raising awareness of disasters among children in Turkey. With the study, risk maps for forest fire, landslide, flood, earthquake, and avalanche in Turkey were designed, and materials were developed by equipping them with disaster-themed texts. A questionnaire was applied to 165 students in the 10–11 age group with these interesting and entertaining materials. The results indicate that the study increased students’ ability to learn about disasters with maps by an average of 39%.

The positioning performance of widely used real-time precise point positioning (RT-PPP) software packages BNC, RTKLIB, and PPP-WIZARD were tested in terms of convergence time and accuracy. The convergence time of PPP-WIZARD solutions is reduced by ambiguity resolution (AR). The GPS + GLONASS + GALILEO (GRE) mode improved the convergence time of GPS + GALILEO (GE) mode by 22.0%, 15.5%, 17.1%, and 11.4% for the BNC, RTKLIB, PPP-WIZARD (AR) and PPP-WIZARD, respectively. For the GRE mode, RMSEs of the BNC, RTKLIB, PPP-WIZARD (AR), and PPP-WIZARD software packages in the horizontal/vertical component are 3.8/5.6, 2.6/6.2, 3.3/6.5, 4.3/7.0 cm, respectively. In comparison with the IGS-ZTD (International GNSS Service ZTD), BNC, RTKLIB, PPP-WIZARD (AR), and PPP-WIZARD solutions show a mean bias of 0.28, −0.72, 2.80, and 2.83 cm, respectively in GE mode. The GRE mode reduced the RMSEs of the ZTD estimations of BNC, RTKLIB, PPP-WIZARD (AR) and PPP-WIZARD by 2.9%, 5.1%, 0.6%, and 0.4% respectively.