Increasing industrial developments increased the environmental pollution problems in many cities of the world. Air quality modelling and indexes are used to introduce the information on local air quality indicators in polluted regions. Estimation and monitoring of air quality in the city centres are important due to environmental health and comfort of human-related topics. Air quality approximation is a complicate subject that artificial intelligent techniques are successfully used for modelling the complicated and nonlinear approximation problems. In present study, artificial neural network and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy logic method developed to approximate the impact of certain environmental conditions on air quality and sulphur dioxide pollution level and used with this study in Konya city centre. Data of sulphur dioxide concentrations were collected from 15 selected points of Konya city for prediction of air quality. Using air quality standards, air quality was discussed by considering the sulphur dioxide concentration as independent variables with meteorological parameters. Different meteorological parameters were used for investigation of pollution relation. One of the important modelling tools, adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system model, was used to assess performance by a number of checking data collected from different sampling stations in Konya. The outcomes of adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system model was evaluated by fuzzy quality charts and compared to the results obtained from Turkey and Environmental Protection Agency air quality standards. From the present results, fuzzy rule-based adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system model is a valuable tool prediction and assessment of air quality and tends to propagate accurate results.

Geographical information systems are frequently used in analyses of air quality based on location and time. They are also used in the creation of pollution distribution maps to determine the parameters related to air pollutants. In this study, a spatial analysis of SO₂, PM₁₀, CO, NO₂ and O₃ pollutants, which cause air pollution within the borders of the municipal urban areas of Konya province, was carried out for the years 2019–2020. In this context, air pollution maps were produced using the IDW interpolation method with data obtained from the National Air Quality Monitoring Network stations, which belong to the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, in the Konya region. The results obtained were examined with maps and graphics based on the limit values found in the Air Quality Assessment and Management Regulation published by the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization. In this context, the periods of lockdown experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic were also evaluated in terms of air pollution. From the evaluation made on the values taken from the air quality stations, it can be observed that the air pollution did not violate the national limit value much in 2019 and 2020.

In addition to human health, there are typical pollutants that significantly determine the quality of life and deteriorate the quality of the air. Although these pollutants are familiar in outdoor environments, they also pose a health threat in indoor environments. These need to be monitored and controlled. Children, who spend most of their time in these environments, are especially exposed to these pollutants, and such contaminants pose a threat during their learning and growing periods. In this study, the detection of heavy metals in indoor dust in educational institutions and their health risks were evaluated. Heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, mercury, and cadmium, which are named differently due to their densities, were detected, and their effects on children were determined. The measured values of heavy metals cadmium and arsenic were above the standard values of OSHA (Occupational Health and Safety Administration), one of the health and safety organizations. However, when educational institutions were examined, an increase in the amount of arsenic due to drinking water used, cadmium batteries containing batteries, the use of batteries, and the pigment feature in oil paint derivatives supplied with cadmium may increase the values. The other heavy metals such as Al, Zn, Hg, and Pb remained below the limit values. A health risk assessment was made by considering the data obtained from the samples taken from the educational institutions in Konya province, as well as factors such as environmental conditions, the number of students, the area per capita, temperature, and humidity. The causes of polluting sources and the precautions to be taken have been determined.

Air pollution has numerous detrimental consequences for human health, visibility, climate, materials, plant health, and animal health. A portion of air pollution consists of metals, which are emitted into the environment via the combustion of fossil fuels, industrial activities, and the incineration of metal-containing products. In this work, the particulate matter and particle-related metal pollution from various sources, in the Turkish province of Kayseri, were determined. AERMOD modeling was also used to examine the distribution of PM₁₀ around the Kayseri Organized Industrial Zone (OIZ). Particulate matter (PM₁₀) samples were collected using MCZ dust collecting devices at six monitoring locations mainly affected by residential heating (Hürriyet, Talas, and Kocasinan), industry (OIZ), and traffic (Tramway and Cumhuriyet) during the autumn/winter months and at three monitoring locations mainly affected by residential heating (Kocasinan), industry (OIZ), and traffic (Tramvay) during the spring months. ICP-MS analysis was used to assess the concentrations of the heavy metals (Pb, As, Cd, and Ni) in samples collected over 6 different time periods of 16 days each. During the autumn/winter months, the concentrations of Pb near roadways were found to exceed the Air Quality Assessment and Management Regulation of Turkey (AQAMR) limit value. During all the sampling periods, the Ni and Cd concentrations were below the AQAMR limit values. At the points associated with winter heating, the concentrations exceeded the AQAMR limit value, which may result from coal combustion.