Wayfinding is considered to be one of the most demanding challenges to be performed by hospitals’ users. Wayfinding has been an interest among researchers from different fields, such as architecture, interior design, cognitive psychology, and facilities management, to name a few. Previous scholars have highlighted the need for a holistic framework taking into consideration both user and environmental factors. A narrative review of the literature was carried out to understand the full extent of the issue and address the ever-increasing demand for a holistic assessment framework. This article attempts to address the underlying gap by proposing a comprehensive framework that takes into account both facets of the issue through a narrative review of the literature to some of the most prominent research attempts to address the problem of wayfinding in complex healthcare settings. Furthermore, the proposed framework can assist both researchers and practicing professionals by providing a comprehensive understanding of the issue of complex wayfinding as well as of the variables to be investigated in the assessment process.

Visual comfort has a critical effect that significantly influences public appreciation of urban environments. Although colour is an integral part of billboard design, little empirical evidence exists to support some of the popularly held ideas about the effects of colour on task performance and human psychological wellbeing. Thus, attempting to set a threshold level of allowed undesirable visual stimuli in each urban setting is considered to be essential in achieving a satisfactory level of visual quality. Therefore, this research investigates the effects of colour content of outdoor advertisement billboards on the appreciation of urban scenes by the public. This research utilises pictorial survey, R.G.B bivariate histogram technique, and an areal cumulative analysis of a group of collected pictures within one of Kuala Lumpur’s high streets. Results of the pictorial survey are cross analysed against the results of the pictorial RGB content analysis and pictorial outdoor advertisement (OA) cumulative areal analysis to indicated a strong correlation between environmental colour content, OAs’ cumulative area, and visual comfort. The study suggests that the lack of guidelines and regulations of the color content of outdoor billboard advertisement design could potentially be detrimental for the public’s appreciation of urban environments. Future research initiatives are encouraged to develop a visual quality assessment framework that contributes to the image and identity of the city of Kuala Lumpur.

A dual band flexible antenna based on a circularly polarized modified meshed patch antenna design. This article focuses on some of the most pressing issues in small satellite applications. The antenna optimization and improvement of antenna performance, such as radiation efficiency. As is well known, circular polarization is immune to the Faraday rotation effect in the ionosphere and can thus prevent a 3-dB loss in geo-satellite communication. With the use of the software program Computer Simulation Technology (CST), the proposed circularly polarized modified meshed patch antenna has been created. Therefore, this article also presents a modified design of a circularly polarized meshed patch antenna to reduce the complexity of the antenna and decrease the size as much as it is capable. However, a meshed patch antenna can support a high communication data rate. The antenna architecture will theoretically be consistent with the installation of solar panels. The antenna utilizes a conductive copper as the core material and the substrate using flexible polyimide. The design antenna is very small, having an overall size of 30 * 30 mm when compared to other conventional non-transparent antenna operating at the same frequencies of 2.6, 3.5 GHz. The antenna that is proposed involves two meshed patch elements of same size but in various shapes. Finally, the proposed antenna is integrated into a solar cell by using the amorphous silicon thin film.