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Piezoelectric fibers have an important role in wearable technology as energy generators and sensors. A series of hybrid nanocomposite piezoelectric fibers of polyinylidene fluoride (PVDF) loaded with barium–titanium oxide (BT) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were prepared via the melt spinning method. Our previous studies show that high-performance fibers with 84% of the electroactive β-phase in the PVDF generated a peak output voltage up to 1.3 V and a power density of 3 W kg−1. Herein, the dynamic mechanical and creep behavior of these fibers were investigated to evaluate their durability and piezoelectric performance. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was used to provide phenomenological information regarding the viscoelastic properties of the fibers in the longitudinal direction. DSC and SEM were employed to characterize the crystalline structure of the samples. The storage modulus and the loss tangent increased by increasing the frequency over the temperature range (−50 to 150 °C) for all of the fibers. The storage modulus of the PVDF/rGO nanocomposite fibers had a higher value (7.5 GPa) in comparison with other fibers. The creep and creep recovery behavior of the PVDF/nanofillers in the nanocomposite fibers have been explored in the linear viscoelastic region at three different temperatures (10–130 °C). In the PVDF/rGO nanocomposite fibers, strong sheet/matrix interfacial interaction restricted the mobility of the polymer chains, which led to a higher modulus at temperatures 60 and 130 °C.
Fatemeh Mokhtari; Geoffrey M. Spinks; Sepidar Sayyar; Javad Foroughi. Dynamic Mechanical and Creep Behaviour of Meltspun PVDF Nanocomposite Fibers. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 2153 .
AMA StyleFatemeh Mokhtari, Geoffrey M. Spinks, Sepidar Sayyar, Javad Foroughi. Dynamic Mechanical and Creep Behaviour of Meltspun PVDF Nanocomposite Fibers. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (8):2153.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFatemeh Mokhtari; Geoffrey M. Spinks; Sepidar Sayyar; Javad Foroughi. 2021. "Dynamic Mechanical and Creep Behaviour of Meltspun PVDF Nanocomposite Fibers." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8: 2153.
Multi-therapy strategies that coexist in a single system for cancer therapy has a great clinical application potential. In this paper, with the aim of establishing a suitable implantable platform for multimodal chemo-photothermal cancer therapy, we have fabricated a coaxial composite hydrogel fiber that facilitated prolonged release of Doxorubicin from core. Fibers also served as NIR-absorbing mediators, via incorporation of Cu2-xSe nanoparticles in the shell, to facilitate chemo-photothermal combinational effects. In vitro experiments exhibited excellent photo-thermal properties of the fibers and exceptional cancer cell-killing efficiency. Remarkably, in vivo antitumor experiments showed that Doxorubicin-loaded coaxial hydrogel fibers containing Cu2-xSe nanoparticles had outstanding antitumor efficacy, compared with chemotherapy or photothermal application alone. Overall, the coaxial composite hydrogel fibers provided a safe and efficacious implantable platform for multimodal chemo-photothermal therapy that could potentially be used to control the progression of cancer locally at the tumor site.
Hanghang Liu; Sepehr Talebian; Kara L. Perrow; Zhen Li; Javad Foroughi. Implantable coaxial nanocomposite biofibers for local chemo‐photothermal combinational cancer therapy. Nano Select 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleHanghang Liu, Sepehr Talebian, Kara L. Perrow, Zhen Li, Javad Foroughi. Implantable coaxial nanocomposite biofibers for local chemo‐photothermal combinational cancer therapy. Nano Select. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHanghang Liu; Sepehr Talebian; Kara L. Perrow; Zhen Li; Javad Foroughi. 2021. "Implantable coaxial nanocomposite biofibers for local chemo‐photothermal combinational cancer therapy." Nano Select , no. : 1.
Powering miniature robots using actuating materials that mimic skeletal muscle is attractive because conventional mechanical drive systems cannot be readily downsized. However, muscle is not the only mechanically active system in nature, and the thousandfold contraction of eukaryotic DNA into the cell nucleus suggests an alternative mechanism for high-stroke artificial muscles. Our analysis reveals that the compaction of DNA generates a mass-normalized mechanical work output exceeding that of skeletal muscle, and this result inspired the development of composite double-helix fibers that reversibly convert twist to DNA-like plectonemic or solenoidal supercoils by simple swelling and deswelling. Our modeling-optimized twisted fibers give contraction strokes as high as 90% with a maximum gravimetric work 36 times higher than skeletal muscle. We found that our supercoiling coiled fibers simultaneously provide high stroke and high work capacity, which is rare in other artificial muscles.
Geoffrey M. Spinks; Nicolas D. Martino; Sina Naficy; David J. Shepherd; Javad Foroughi. Dual high-stroke and high–work capacity artificial muscles inspired by DNA supercoiling. Science Robotics 2021, 6, eabf4788 .
AMA StyleGeoffrey M. Spinks, Nicolas D. Martino, Sina Naficy, David J. Shepherd, Javad Foroughi. Dual high-stroke and high–work capacity artificial muscles inspired by DNA supercoiling. Science Robotics. 2021; 6 (53):eabf4788.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeoffrey M. Spinks; Nicolas D. Martino; Sina Naficy; David J. Shepherd; Javad Foroughi. 2021. "Dual high-stroke and high–work capacity artificial muscles inspired by DNA supercoiling." Science Robotics 6, no. 53: eabf4788.
Success in making artificial muscles that are faster and more powerful and that provide larger strokes would expand their applications. Electrochemical carbon nanotube yarn muscles are of special interest because of their relatively high energy conversion efficiencies. However, they are bipolar, meaning that they do not monotonically expand or contract over the available potential range. This limits muscle stroke and work capacity. Here, we describe unipolar stroke carbon nanotube yarn muscles in which muscle stroke changes between extreme potentials are additive and muscle stroke substantially increases with increasing potential scan rate. The normal decrease in stroke with increasing scan rate is overwhelmed by a notable increase in effective ion size. Enhanced muscle strokes, contractile work-per-cycle, contractile power densities, and energy conversion efficiencies are obtained for unipolar muscles.
Hetao Chu; Xinghao Hu; Zhong Wang; Jiuke Mu; Na Li; Xiaoshuang Zhou; Shaoli Fang; Carter S. Haines; Jong Woo Park; Si Qin; Ningyi Yuan; Jiang Xu; Sameh Tawfick; Hyungjun Kim; Patrick Conlin; Maenghyo Cho; Kyeongjae Cho; Jiyoung Oh; Steven Nielsen; Kevin A. Alberto; Joselito M. Razal; Javad Foroughi; Geoffrey M. Spinks; Seon Jeong Kim; Jianning Ding; Jinsong Leng; Ray H. Baughman. Unipolar stroke, electroosmotic pump carbon nanotube yarn muscles. Science 2021, 371, 494 -498.
AMA StyleHetao Chu, Xinghao Hu, Zhong Wang, Jiuke Mu, Na Li, Xiaoshuang Zhou, Shaoli Fang, Carter S. Haines, Jong Woo Park, Si Qin, Ningyi Yuan, Jiang Xu, Sameh Tawfick, Hyungjun Kim, Patrick Conlin, Maenghyo Cho, Kyeongjae Cho, Jiyoung Oh, Steven Nielsen, Kevin A. Alberto, Joselito M. Razal, Javad Foroughi, Geoffrey M. Spinks, Seon Jeong Kim, Jianning Ding, Jinsong Leng, Ray H. Baughman. Unipolar stroke, electroosmotic pump carbon nanotube yarn muscles. Science. 2021; 371 (6528):494-498.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHetao Chu; Xinghao Hu; Zhong Wang; Jiuke Mu; Na Li; Xiaoshuang Zhou; Shaoli Fang; Carter S. Haines; Jong Woo Park; Si Qin; Ningyi Yuan; Jiang Xu; Sameh Tawfick; Hyungjun Kim; Patrick Conlin; Maenghyo Cho; Kyeongjae Cho; Jiyoung Oh; Steven Nielsen; Kevin A. Alberto; Joselito M. Razal; Javad Foroughi; Geoffrey M. Spinks; Seon Jeong Kim; Jianning Ding; Jinsong Leng; Ray H. Baughman. 2021. "Unipolar stroke, electroosmotic pump carbon nanotube yarn muscles." Science 371, no. 6528: 494-498.
There is an urgent need for ventricular assist devices (VADs) that can assist in complex biological functions such as the contraction of heart muscle. Although the design improvements implemented with each generation of VADs have helped to increase patient's wellbeing. But the portability, implantability due to the bulkiness, and the lack of pulsatility are continuing to be clinical challenges. In addition, contact between blood and artificial surfaces remains, necessitating long‐term blood‐thinning medications for patients with VADs. Herein, a concept of new VADs is demonstrated that may provide an improved power system with miniaturization and pulsatility control. This work will examine this new generation of electrically contractile polymer‐based actuators for positive inotropic support for both the left and right ventricle (high‐ and low‐pressure system) as cardiomyoplasty. A silicone coated electrothermal actuator is fabricated to engineer VAD, which is able to mimic the pressure on a model. This represents the first successful study demonstrating that artificial muscle can be a decent alternative to support patients with heart muscle weaknesses.
Dharshika Kongahage; Arjang Ruhparwar; Javad Foroughi. High Performance Artificial Muscles to Engineer a Ventricular Cardiac Assist Device and Future Perspectives of a Cardiac Sleeve. Advanced Materials Technologies 2021, 6, 2000894 .
AMA StyleDharshika Kongahage, Arjang Ruhparwar, Javad Foroughi. High Performance Artificial Muscles to Engineer a Ventricular Cardiac Assist Device and Future Perspectives of a Cardiac Sleeve. Advanced Materials Technologies. 2021; 6 (5):2000894.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDharshika Kongahage; Arjang Ruhparwar; Javad Foroughi. 2021. "High Performance Artificial Muscles to Engineer a Ventricular Cardiac Assist Device and Future Perspectives of a Cardiac Sleeve." Advanced Materials Technologies 6, no. 5: 2000894.
Flexible substrates have become essential in order to provide increased flexibility in wearable sensors, including polymers, plastic, paper, textiles and fabrics. This study is to comprehensively summarize the bending capabilities of flexible polymer substrate for general Internet of Things (IoTs) applications. The basic premise is to investigate the flexibility and bending ability of polymer materials as well as their tendency to withstand deformation. We start by providing a chronological order of flexible materials which have been used during the last few decades. In the future, the IoT is expected to support a diverse set of technologies to enable new applications through wireless connectivity. For wearable IoTs, flexibility and bending capabilities of materials are required. This paper provides an overview of some abundantly used polymer substrates and compares their physical, electrical and mechanical properties. It also studies the bending effects on the radiation performance of antenna designs that use polymer substrates. Moreover, we explore a selection of flexible materials for flexible antennas in IoT applications, namely Polyimides (PI), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Rogers RT/Duroid and Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP). The study includes a complete analysis of bending and folding effects on the radiation characteristics such as S-parameters, resonant frequency deviation and the impedance mismatch with feedline of the flexible polymer substrate microstrip antennas. These flexible polymer substrates are useful for future wearable devices and general IoT applications.
Muhammad Ali Khan; Raad Raad; Faisel Tubbal; Panagiotis Theoharis; Sining Liu; Javad Foroughi. Bending Analysis of Polymer-Based Flexible Antennas for Wearable, General IoT Applications: A Review. Polymers 2021, 13, 357 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Ali Khan, Raad Raad, Faisel Tubbal, Panagiotis Theoharis, Sining Liu, Javad Foroughi. Bending Analysis of Polymer-Based Flexible Antennas for Wearable, General IoT Applications: A Review. Polymers. 2021; 13 (3):357.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Ali Khan; Raad Raad; Faisel Tubbal; Panagiotis Theoharis; Sining Liu; Javad Foroughi. 2021. "Bending Analysis of Polymer-Based Flexible Antennas for Wearable, General IoT Applications: A Review." Polymers 13, no. 3: 357.
The ubiquity of wearables, coupled with the increasing demand for power, presents a unique opportunity for nanostructured fiber-based mobile energy storage systems. When designing wearable electronic textiles, there is a need for mechanically flexible, low-cost and light-weight components. To meet this demand, we have developed an all-in-one fiber supercapacitor with a total thickness of less than 100 μm using a novel facile coaxial wet-spinning approach followed by a fiber wrapping step. The formed triaxial fiber nanostructure consisted of an inner poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) core coated with an ionically conducting chitosan sheath, subsequently wrapped with a carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber. The resulting supercapacitor is highly flexible, delivers a maximum energy density 5.83 Wh kg−1 and an extremely high power of 1399 W kg−1 along with remarkable cyclic stability and specific capacitance. This asymmetric all-in-one fiber supercapacitor may pave the way to a future generation of wearable energy storage devices.
Azadeh Mirabedini; Zan Lu; Saber Mostafavian; Javad Foroughi. Triaxial Carbon Nanotube/Conducting Polymer Wet-Spun Fibers Supercapacitors for Wearable Electronics. Nanomaterials 2020, 11, 3 .
AMA StyleAzadeh Mirabedini, Zan Lu, Saber Mostafavian, Javad Foroughi. Triaxial Carbon Nanotube/Conducting Polymer Wet-Spun Fibers Supercapacitors for Wearable Electronics. Nanomaterials. 2020; 11 (1):3.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAzadeh Mirabedini; Zan Lu; Saber Mostafavian; Javad Foroughi. 2020. "Triaxial Carbon Nanotube/Conducting Polymer Wet-Spun Fibers Supercapacitors for Wearable Electronics." Nanomaterials 11, no. 1: 3.
Dharshika Kongahage; Geoffrey M Spinks; Christopher J Richards; David J Shepherd; Javad Foroughi. A new approach to develop, characterise and model actuating textiles. Smart Materials and Structures 2020, 30, 025019 .
AMA StyleDharshika Kongahage, Geoffrey M Spinks, Christopher J Richards, David J Shepherd, Javad Foroughi. A new approach to develop, characterise and model actuating textiles. Smart Materials and Structures. 2020; 30 (2):025019.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDharshika Kongahage; Geoffrey M Spinks; Christopher J Richards; David J Shepherd; Javad Foroughi. 2020. "A new approach to develop, characterise and model actuating textiles." Smart Materials and Structures 30, no. 2: 025019.
Artificial muscle plays an interesting role in science discoveries. Large scale torsional and tensile actuation is achieved by twisting and coiling of synthetic polymer fibres. Research reports to date have discussed the theoretical background of actuation of twisted monofilament yarn. Twisting and coiling of several yarns together is another approach to fabricate polymer actuators and here we present the experimental observations of performance of actuators fabricated with multiple number of yarns. The theoretical background for the reasons of decreasing the actuation performance with increasing number of yarns are critically analysed and presented in this study. This analysis concludes that a minor change in the length of the fibre can significantly affect the stroke and force values of the twisted polymer actuators.
Dharshika Kongahage; Geoffrey M. Spinks; Javad Foroughi. Twisted and coiled multi-ply yarns artificial muscles. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 2020, 318, 112490 .
AMA StyleDharshika Kongahage, Geoffrey M. Spinks, Javad Foroughi. Twisted and coiled multi-ply yarns artificial muscles. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical. 2020; 318 ():112490.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDharshika Kongahage; Geoffrey M. Spinks; Javad Foroughi. 2020. "Twisted and coiled multi-ply yarns artificial muscles." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 318, no. : 112490.
The ubiquity of wearables, coupled with the increasing demand for power, presents a unique opportunity for fiber‐based mobile energy generator systems. However, no commercially available systems currently exist with typical problems including low energy efficiency; short cycle life; slow and expensive manufacturing; and stiff, heavy or bulky componentry that reduce wearer comfort and aesthetic appeal. Herein, a new method is demonstrated to create wearable energy generators and sensors using nanostructured hybrid polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/barium‐titanium oxide (BT) piezoelectric fibers and exploiting the enormous variety of textile architectures. Highly stretchable piezoelectric fibers based on coiled PVDF/rGO/BT fibers energy generator and sensor are developed. It is found that the coiled PVDF/ rGO/BT enables to stretch up to ≈100% strain that produces a peak voltage output of ≈1.3 V with a peak power density of 3 W Kg−1 which is 2.5 times higher than previously reported for piezoelectric textiles. An energy conversion efficiency of 22.5% is achieved for the coiled hybrid piezofiber energy generator. A prototype energy generator and sensors based on a hybrid piezofibers wearable device for energy harvesting and monitoring real time precise healthcare are demonstrated.
Fatemeh Mokhtari; Geoffrey M. Spinks; Sepidar Sayyar; Zhenxiang Cheng; Arjang Ruhparwar; Javad Foroughi. Highly Stretchable Self‐Powered Wearable Electrical Energy Generator and Sensors. Advanced Materials Technologies 2020, 6, 1 .
AMA StyleFatemeh Mokhtari, Geoffrey M. Spinks, Sepidar Sayyar, Zhenxiang Cheng, Arjang Ruhparwar, Javad Foroughi. Highly Stretchable Self‐Powered Wearable Electrical Energy Generator and Sensors. Advanced Materials Technologies. 2020; 6 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFatemeh Mokhtari; Geoffrey M. Spinks; Sepidar Sayyar; Zhenxiang Cheng; Arjang Ruhparwar; Javad Foroughi. 2020. "Highly Stretchable Self‐Powered Wearable Electrical Energy Generator and Sensors." Advanced Materials Technologies 6, no. 2: 1.
There is a significant nascent market for ethically produced products with enormous commercial potential around the world. A reliable method to signal the provenance of products is therefore critical for industry, given that competition based on price is not a viable strategy. The ability to trace and signal ethical treatment of animals is also of significant value to textiles manufactures. The efficacy of such a method can be measured with respect to the cost of implementation, scalability, and the difficulty of counterfeiting. The key to traceability is to win the trust of the consumer about the veracity of this information. Wearable sensors make it possible to monitor and improve the management of traceability and/or provenance. In this paper, we introduce a method for signalling the provenance of garments using radio frequency watermarks. The proposed model consists of two levels of authentication that are easy to use by legitimate vendors, but extremely difficult to imitate or hack, because the watermark is built-in and based on the radiation signature of electroactive materials.
Javad Foroughi; Farzad Safaei; Raad Raad; Teodor Mitew. Advances in Wearable Sensors: Signalling the Provenance of Garments Using Radio Frequency Watermarks. Sensors 2020, 20, 6661 .
AMA StyleJavad Foroughi, Farzad Safaei, Raad Raad, Teodor Mitew. Advances in Wearable Sensors: Signalling the Provenance of Garments Using Radio Frequency Watermarks. Sensors. 2020; 20 (22):6661.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavad Foroughi; Farzad Safaei; Raad Raad; Teodor Mitew. 2020. "Advances in Wearable Sensors: Signalling the Provenance of Garments Using Radio Frequency Watermarks." Sensors 20, no. 22: 6661.
The demands for wearable technologies continue to grow and novel approaches for powering these devices are being enabled by the advent of new energy materials and novel manufacturing strategies. In addition, decreasing the energy consumption of portable electronic devices has created a huge demand for the development of cost-effective and environment friendly alternate energy sources. Energy harvesting materials including piezoelectric polymer with its special properties make this demand possible. Herein, we develop a flexible and lightweight nanogenerator package based on polyvinyledene fluoride (PVDF)/LiCl electrospun nanofibers. The piezoelectric performance of the developed nanogenator is investigated to evaluate effect of the thickness of the as-spun mat on the output voltage using a vibration and impact test. It is found that the output voltage increases from 1.3 V to 5 V by adding LiCl as additive into the spinning solution compared with pure PVDF. The prepared PVDF/LiCl nanogenerator is able to generate voltage and current output of 3 V and 0.5 μA with a power density output of 0.3 μW cm−2 at the frequency of 200 Hz. It is found also that the developed nanogenerator can be utilized as a sensor to measure temperature changes from 30 °C to 90 °C under static pressure. The developed electrospun temperature sensor showed sensitivity of 0.16%/°C under 100 Pa pressure and 0.06%/°C under 220 Pa pressure. The obtained results suggested the developed energy harvesting textiles have promising applications for various wearable self-powered electrical devices and systems.
Fatemeh Mokhtari; Mahnaz Shamshirsaz; Masoud Latifi; Javad Foroughi. Nanofibers-Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvester for Self-Powered Wearable Technologies. Polymers 2020, 12, 2697 .
AMA StyleFatemeh Mokhtari, Mahnaz Shamshirsaz, Masoud Latifi, Javad Foroughi. Nanofibers-Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvester for Self-Powered Wearable Technologies. Polymers. 2020; 12 (11):2697.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFatemeh Mokhtari; Mahnaz Shamshirsaz; Masoud Latifi; Javad Foroughi. 2020. "Nanofibers-Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvester for Self-Powered Wearable Technologies." Polymers 12, no. 11: 2697.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a dismal prognosis, with surgical resection of the tumor in conjunction with systemic chemotherapy the only potential curative therapy. Up to 80% of diagnosed cases are deemed unresectable, prompting the need for alternative treatment approaches. Herein, coaxial polymeric fibers loaded with two chemotherapeutic agents, gemcitabine (Gem) and paclitaxel (Ptx), are fabricated to investigate the effect of local drug delivery on PDAC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. A wet‐spinning fabrication method to form a coaxial fiber with a polycaprolactone shell and alginate core loaded with Ptx and Gem, respectively, is used. In vitro, Gem+Ptx fibers display significant cytotoxicity as well as radiosensitizing properties toward PDAC cell lines greater than the equivalent free drugs, which may be attributed to a radiosensitizing effect of the polymers. In vivo studies assessing Gem+Ptx fiber efficacy found that Gem+Ptx fibers reduce tumor volume in a xenograft mouse model of PDAC. Importantly, no difference in mouse weight, circulating cytokines, or liver function is observed in mice treated with Gem+Ptx fibers compared to the empty fiber controls confirming the safety of the implant approach. With further development, Gem+Ptx fibers can improve the treatment of unresectable PDAC in the future.
Samantha J. Wade; Zeliha Sahin; Ann‐Katrin Piper; Sepehr Talebian; Morteza Aghmesheh; Javad Foroughi; Gordon G. Wallace; Simon E. Moulton; Kara L. Vine. Dual Delivery of Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel by Wet‐Spun Coaxial Fibers Induces Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Death, Reduces Tumor Volume, and Sensitizes Cells to Radiation. Advanced Healthcare Materials 2020, 9, e2001115 .
AMA StyleSamantha J. Wade, Zeliha Sahin, Ann‐Katrin Piper, Sepehr Talebian, Morteza Aghmesheh, Javad Foroughi, Gordon G. Wallace, Simon E. Moulton, Kara L. Vine. Dual Delivery of Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel by Wet‐Spun Coaxial Fibers Induces Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Death, Reduces Tumor Volume, and Sensitizes Cells to Radiation. Advanced Healthcare Materials. 2020; 9 (21):e2001115.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamantha J. Wade; Zeliha Sahin; Ann‐Katrin Piper; Sepehr Talebian; Morteza Aghmesheh; Javad Foroughi; Gordon G. Wallace; Simon E. Moulton; Kara L. Vine. 2020. "Dual Delivery of Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel by Wet‐Spun Coaxial Fibers Induces Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Death, Reduces Tumor Volume, and Sensitizes Cells to Radiation." Advanced Healthcare Materials 9, no. 21: e2001115.
Electrochemically or electrothermally driven twisted/coiled carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn actuators are interesting artificial muscles for wearables as they can sustain high stress. However, due to high fabrication costs, these yarns have limited their application in smart textiles. An alternative approach is to use off‐the‐shelf yarns and coat them with conductive polymers that deliver high actuation properties. Here, novel hybrid textile yarns are demonstrated that combine CNT and an electroactive polypyrrole coating to provide both high strength and good actuation properties. CNT‐coated polyester yarns are twisted and coiled and subjected to electrochemical coating of polypyrrole to obtain the hierarchical soft actuators. When twisted without coiling, the polypyrrole‐coated yarns produce fully reversible 25° mm‐1 rotation, 8.3× higher than the non‐reversible rotation from twisted CNT‐coated yarns in a three‐electrode electrochemical system operated between +0.4 and –1.0 V (vs Ag/AgCl). The coiled yarns generate fully reversible 10° mm‐1 rotation and 0.22% contraction strain, 2.75× higher than coiled CNT‐coated yarns, when operated within the same potential window. The twisted and coiled yarns exhibit high tensile strength with excellent abrasion resistance in wet and dry shearing conditions that can match the requirements for using them as soft actuators in wearables and textile exoskeletons.
Shazed Aziz; Jose G. Martinez; Javad Foroughi; Geoffrey M. Spinks; Edwin W. H. Jager. Artificial Muscles from Hybrid Carbon Nanotube‐Polypyrrole‐Coated Twisted and Coiled Yarns. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 2020, 305, 1 .
AMA StyleShazed Aziz, Jose G. Martinez, Javad Foroughi, Geoffrey M. Spinks, Edwin W. H. Jager. Artificial Muscles from Hybrid Carbon Nanotube‐Polypyrrole‐Coated Twisted and Coiled Yarns. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering. 2020; 305 (11):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShazed Aziz; Jose G. Martinez; Javad Foroughi; Geoffrey M. Spinks; Edwin W. H. Jager. 2020. "Artificial Muscles from Hybrid Carbon Nanotube‐Polypyrrole‐Coated Twisted and Coiled Yarns." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 305, no. 11: 1.
In this study we use a combination of ionic- and photo-cross-linking to develop a fabrication method for producing biocompatible microstructures using a methacrylated gellan gum (a polyanion) and chitosan (a polycation) in addition to lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) as the photoinitiator. This work involves the development of a low-cost, portable 3D bioprinter and a customized extrusion mechanism for controlled introduction of the materials through a 3D printed microfluidic nozzle, before being cross-linked in situ to form robust microstructure bundles. The formed microstructures yielded a diameter of less than 1 μm and a tensile strength range of ∼1 MPa. This study is the first to explore and achieve GGMA:CHT microstructure fabrication by means of controlled in-line compaction and photo-cross-linking through 3D printed microfluidic channels.
Thomas M. Robinson; Sepehr Talebian; Javad Foroughi; Zhilian Yue; Cormac D. Fay; Gordon G. Wallace. Fabrication of Aligned Biomimetic Gellan Gum-Chitosan Microstructures through 3D Printed Microfluidic Channels and Multiple In Situ Cross-Linking Mechanisms. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering 2020, 6, 3638 -3648.
AMA StyleThomas M. Robinson, Sepehr Talebian, Javad Foroughi, Zhilian Yue, Cormac D. Fay, Gordon G. Wallace. Fabrication of Aligned Biomimetic Gellan Gum-Chitosan Microstructures through 3D Printed Microfluidic Channels and Multiple In Situ Cross-Linking Mechanisms. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering. 2020; 6 (6):3638-3648.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThomas M. Robinson; Sepehr Talebian; Javad Foroughi; Zhilian Yue; Cormac D. Fay; Gordon G. Wallace. 2020. "Fabrication of Aligned Biomimetic Gellan Gum-Chitosan Microstructures through 3D Printed Microfluidic Channels and Multiple In Situ Cross-Linking Mechanisms." ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering 6, no. 6: 3638-3648.
A new generation of coaxial hydrogel fibers have been developed as biocompatible, and effective platform to deliver combination of drugs locally to the tumor site to enhance the efficacy of cancer treatment.
Sepehr Talebian; In Kyong Shim; Song Cheol Kim; Geoffrey M. Spinks; Kara L. Vine; Javad Foroughi. Coaxial mussel-inspired biofibers: making of a robust and efficacious depot for cancer drug delivery. Journal of Materials Chemistry B 2020, 8, 5064 -5079.
AMA StyleSepehr Talebian, In Kyong Shim, Song Cheol Kim, Geoffrey M. Spinks, Kara L. Vine, Javad Foroughi. Coaxial mussel-inspired biofibers: making of a robust and efficacious depot for cancer drug delivery. Journal of Materials Chemistry B. 2020; 8 (23):5064-5079.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSepehr Talebian; In Kyong Shim; Song Cheol Kim; Geoffrey M. Spinks; Kara L. Vine; Javad Foroughi. 2020. "Coaxial mussel-inspired biofibers: making of a robust and efficacious depot for cancer drug delivery." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 8, no. 23: 5064-5079.
Recent advances in smart textiles and wearable technologies based on piezoelectric fibers as wearable energy harvesters.
Fatemeh Mokhtari; Zhenxiang Cheng; Raad Raad; Jiangtao Xi; Javad Foroughi. Piezofibers to smart textiles: a review on recent advances and future outlook for wearable technology. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2020, 8, 9496 -9522.
AMA StyleFatemeh Mokhtari, Zhenxiang Cheng, Raad Raad, Jiangtao Xi, Javad Foroughi. Piezofibers to smart textiles: a review on recent advances and future outlook for wearable technology. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 2020; 8 (19):9496-9522.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFatemeh Mokhtari; Zhenxiang Cheng; Raad Raad; Jiangtao Xi; Javad Foroughi. 2020. "Piezofibers to smart textiles: a review on recent advances and future outlook for wearable technology." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 19: 9496-9522.
Conductive biomaterials have recently gained much attention, specifically owing to their application for electrical stimulation of electrically excitable cells. Herein, flexible, electrically conducting, robust fibers composed of both an alginate biopolymer and graphene components have been produced using a wet-spinning process. These nanocomposite fibers showed better mechanical, electrical, and electrochemical properties than did single fibers that were made solely from alginate. Furthermore, with the aim of evaluating the response of biological entities to these novel nanocomposite biofibers, in vitro studies were carried out using C2C12 myoblast cell lines. The obtained results from in vitro studies indicated that the developed electrically conducting biofibers are biocompatible to living cells. The developed hybrid conductive biofibers are likely to find applications as 3D scaffolding materials for tissue engineering applications.
Sepehr Talebian; Mehdi Mehrali; Raad Raad; Farzad Safaei; Jiangtao Xi; Zhoufeng Liu; Javad Foroughi. Electrically Conducting Hydrogel Graphene Nanocomposite Biofibers for Biomedical Applications. Frontiers in Chemistry 2020, 8, 88 .
AMA StyleSepehr Talebian, Mehdi Mehrali, Raad Raad, Farzad Safaei, Jiangtao Xi, Zhoufeng Liu, Javad Foroughi. Electrically Conducting Hydrogel Graphene Nanocomposite Biofibers for Biomedical Applications. Frontiers in Chemistry. 2020; 8 ():88.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSepehr Talebian; Mehdi Mehrali; Raad Raad; Farzad Safaei; Jiangtao Xi; Zhoufeng Liu; Javad Foroughi. 2020. "Electrically Conducting Hydrogel Graphene Nanocomposite Biofibers for Biomedical Applications." Frontiers in Chemistry 8, no. : 88.
Engineering of 3D regenerative skeletal muscle tissue constructs (skMTCs) using hydrogels containing muscle precursor cells (MPCs) is of potential benefit for repairing Volumetric Muscle Loss (VML) arising from trauma (e.g., road/industrial accident, war injury) or for restoration of functional muscle mass in disease (e.g., Muscular Dystrophy, muscle atrophy). Additive Biofabrication (AdBiofab) technologies make possible fabrication of 3D regenerative skMTCs that can be tailored to specific delivery requirements of VML or functional muscle restoration. Whilst 3D printing is useful for printing constructs of many tissue types, the necessity of a balanced compromise between cell type, required construct size and material/fabrication process cyto-compatibility can make the choice of 3D printing a secondary alternative to other biofabrication methods such as wet-spinning. Alternatively, wet-spinning is more amenable to formation of fibers rather than (small) layered 3D-Printed constructs. This study describes the fabrication of biosynthetic alginate fibers containing MPCs and their use for delivery of dystrophin-expressing cells to dystrophic muscle in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) compared to poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer (PLA:PLGA) topically-seeded with myoblasts. In addition, this study introduces a novel method by which to create 3D layered wet-spun alginate skMTCs for bulk mass delivery of MPCs to VML lesions. As such, this work introduces the concept of “Trojan Horse” Fiber MTCs (TH-fMTCs) and 3d Mesh-MTCs (TH-mMTCs) for delivery of regenerative MPCs to diseased and damaged muscle, respectively.
Anita Quigley; Rhys Cornock; Tharun Mysore; Javad Foroughi; Magdalena Kita; Joselito Razal; Jeremy Crook; Simon E. Moulton; Gordon G. Wallace; Robert Kapsa. Wet-Spun Trojan Horse Cell Constructs for Engineering Muscle. Frontiers in Chemistry 2020, 8, 18 .
AMA StyleAnita Quigley, Rhys Cornock, Tharun Mysore, Javad Foroughi, Magdalena Kita, Joselito Razal, Jeremy Crook, Simon E. Moulton, Gordon G. Wallace, Robert Kapsa. Wet-Spun Trojan Horse Cell Constructs for Engineering Muscle. Frontiers in Chemistry. 2020; 8 ():18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnita Quigley; Rhys Cornock; Tharun Mysore; Javad Foroughi; Magdalena Kita; Joselito Razal; Jeremy Crook; Simon E. Moulton; Gordon G. Wallace; Robert Kapsa. 2020. "Wet-Spun Trojan Horse Cell Constructs for Engineering Muscle." Frontiers in Chemistry 8, no. : 18.
Wearable energy harvesting is of practical interest for many years and for diverse applications, including development of self‐powered wireless sensors within garments for human health monitoring. Herein, a novel approach is reported to create wearable energy generators and sensors using nanostructured hybrid piezoelectric fibers and exploiting the enormous variety of textile architectures. It is found that high performance hybrid piezofiber is obtained using a barium titanate (BT) nanoparticle and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with a mass ratio of 1:10. These fibers are knitted to form a wearable energy generator that produced a maximum voltage output of 4 V and a power density 87 μW cm−3 which is 45 times higher than earlier reported for piezoelectric textiles. The wearable energy generator charged a 10 μF capacitor in 20 s which is four and six times faster than previously reported for PVDF/BT and PVDF energy generators, respectively. It also emerges that the established knitted energy harvester exhibits sensitivity of 6.3 times higher in compare with the piezofibers energy generator. A knee sleeve prototype based on a PVDF/BT wearable device for monitoring real‐time precise healthcare is demonstrated. The developed processing method is scalable for the fabrication of industrial quantities of smart textiles.
Fatemeh Mokhtari; Geoffrey M. Spinks; Cormac Fay; Zhenxiang Cheng; Raad Raad; Jiangtao Xi; Javad Foroughi. Wearable Electronic Textiles from Nanostructured Piezoelectric Fibers. Advanced Materials Technologies 2020, 5, 1 .
AMA StyleFatemeh Mokhtari, Geoffrey M. Spinks, Cormac Fay, Zhenxiang Cheng, Raad Raad, Jiangtao Xi, Javad Foroughi. Wearable Electronic Textiles from Nanostructured Piezoelectric Fibers. Advanced Materials Technologies. 2020; 5 (4):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFatemeh Mokhtari; Geoffrey M. Spinks; Cormac Fay; Zhenxiang Cheng; Raad Raad; Jiangtao Xi; Javad Foroughi. 2020. "Wearable Electronic Textiles from Nanostructured Piezoelectric Fibers." Advanced Materials Technologies 5, no. 4: 1.