Charged droplets driven by Coulomb force are an important part of a droplet-based micro reactor. In this study, we realized the rapid oscillatory motion of droplets both in oil and on superhydrophobic surface by injecting charges through corona discharge. Distinct from the oscillatory motion of water droplets under a DC electric field, charge injection can make the motion of water droplets more flexible. A droplet in the oil layer can move up and down regularly under the action of corona discharge, and the discharge voltage can control the movement period and height of the droplet. In addition, the left–right translation of droplets on a superhydrophobic surface can be achieved by injecting charges into the hydrophobic film surface through corona discharge. Two kinds of droplet motion behaviors are systematically analyzed, and the mechanism of droplet motion is explained. The present results could help establish new approaches to designing efficient machines in microfluidics and micromechanical equipment.

An atmospheric pressure microwave plasma source operating on water vapor has many potential applications. To avoid the corrosion of metal electrodes in a traditional water vapor microwave plasma system, we propose a simple water vapor electrodeless microwave plasma device. By introducing a ceramic tube, the device can work directly with liquid water without complex evaporation equipment. This study examined the relationship between microwave power and water vapor torch plasma duration. When the microwave power is greater than 800 W, the plasma torch can be excited permanently and stably without the loss of ceramic. The excitation of the oxygen atom, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen atom was found using optical spectroscopy, confirming the water vapor’s decomposition. In addition, it was also found that the crystallinity of the ceramic was improved after microwave discharge. This work enriches the microwave plasma techniques for water vapor for various applications, such as electric propulsion, hydrogen production, and surface treatment.

Oil–water separation technology has potential applications in wastewater treatment, petroleum refining and edible oil processing. As the ultimate means in oil-water treatment, electrostatic coalescence technology has been widely used in oil fields and refineries. However, the technology has many problems, such as complex processes, electrode corrosion, and the inability to treat high-water-cut crude oil emulsions. Here, we propose a contactless method of oil-water separation by corona discharge. With corona discharge of a needle–plate electrode configuration, the oil droplet diffuses to the ITO glass surface and the water droplet oscillates at the edge of the PET film. Here, such droplet behaviors are described in detail. Based on the motion behavior of the oil and water droplet, we designed an efficient oil-water separation device. After the oil-water mixture passes through the device, the oil content in the oil region can reach 99.25% with a voltage of 8 kV. In addition, the separation speed of the oil-water mixture can also be adjusted by varying the corona discharge voltage. This paper presents a simple and innovative method for oil-water separation.

We formulate a gauge-invariant phenomenological theory for a charged three-component condensate in an anisotropic layered superconductor. The construction is conditional on a material-specific pairing calculation selecting an isolated, predominantly triplet channel; it does not infer triplet pairing from layering or spin–orbit coupling alone. The order parameter is represented equivalently by a spin-1 spinor, a complex d-vector, and a pure-vector complex quaternion. Only the mapping and the density-spin bilinear are retained in the main text. A static Ginzburg–Landau functional then yields axial-polar, planar-polar, easy-axis polarized, and broken-axisymmetry mean-field states. Conservative Gross–Pitaevskii dynamics are introduced only as an additional composite-boson limit, not as a generic consequence of the Ginzburg–Landau theory. In that limit, analytic spectra are given for the axial-polar and easy-axis phases: the transverse spin branch softens at the axial-polar to broken-axisymmetry boundary, whereas crystal locking gaps the transverse magnon of the polarized phase. We do not claim a closed analytic spectrum for the mixed broken-axisymmetry phase. The static transverse current-response kernel provides a quantitative link between penetration-depth anisotropy and the gradient tensor. Ideal Bose condensation and BKT formulas are stated only in their controlled three- and two-dimensional limits. The framework therefore supplies a compact, falsifiable set of phase, mode, and response relations without introducing additional quaternionic degrees of freedom.

Open-surface coalescence of microdroplets is essential for droplet-based microreactors, emulsion processing, and multiphase microfluidics, yet existing methods often require closed channels or patterned electrodes. Here, we report a corona-driven open-oil-film platform that achieves voltage-regulated coalescence of aqueous microdroplets in a simple needle–plate electrode configuration. Positive corona discharge induces coupled electrohydrodynamic effects—including ion transport, interfacial charge redistribution, and Maxwell stresses—that drive oil-film contraction and charge-regulated droplet bouncing, thereby reducing inter-droplet spacing and promoting successive merging. The coalescence rate and final droplet size are tunable via the applied voltage and oil volume: complete coalescence into a single droplet is achieved at 12 kV, and an optimal oil volume of 60 μL maximizes confinement efficiency. To enable quantitative, frame-by-frame analysis, we develop an improved YOLOv5–OC-SORT framework that yields an overall mAP@0.5 of 0.905 for automatic droplet detection and tracking. As a proof-of-concept, the platform achieves electro-demulsification of a surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil emulsion, increasing the average droplet diameter from ~0.005 mm to ~0.2 mm and enabling effective oil–water separation. This work provides a simple, electrode-pattern-free strategy for controllable droplet coalescence and open-surface emulsion breaking.