Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) can radically change almost every aspect of the human experience. In the medical field, there are numerous applications of AI and subsequently, in a relatively short time, significant progress has been made. Cardiology is not immune to this trend, this fact being supported by the exponential increase in the number of publications in which the algorithms play an important role in data analysis, pattern discovery, identification of anomalies, and therapeutic decision making. Furthermore, with technological development, there have appeared new models of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DP) that are capable of exploring various applications of AI in cardiology, including areas such as prevention, cardiovascular imaging, electrophysiology, interventional cardiology, and many others. In this sense, the present article aims to provide a general vision of the current state of AI use in cardiology. Results: We identified and included a subset of 200 papers directly relevant to the current research covering a wide range of applications. Thus, this paper presents AI applications in cardiovascular imaging, arithmology, clinical or emergency cardiology, cardiovascular prevention, and interventional procedures in a summarized manner. Recent studies from the highly scientific literature demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of using AI in different branches of cardiology. Conclusions: The integration of AI in cardiology offers promising perspectives for increasing accuracy by decreasing the error rate and increasing efficiency in cardiovascular practice. From predicting the risk of sudden death or the ability to respond to cardiac resynchronization therapy to the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism or the early detection of valvular diseases, AI algorithms have shown their potential to mitigate human error and provide feasible solutions. At the same time, limits imposed by the small samples studied are highlighted alongside the challenges presented by ethical implementation; these relate to legal implications regarding responsibility and decision making processes, ensuring patient confidentiality and data security. All these constitute future research directions that will allow the integration of AI in the progress of cardiology.

(1) Background: Burn injuries in children present a significant public health concern due to their potential for severe physical and psychological impact. (2) Methods: This study investigates the determinants of pediatric burn severity by analyzing the interplay of demographic and environmental factors. Through a retrospective analysis of pediatric burn cases over five years, encompassing patient demographics, burn causative agents, and clinical outcomes, this research aims to identify significant predictors of burn severity. (3) Results: This study presents a comprehensive analysis of pediatric burn injuries, focusing on the severity, clinical outcomes, and multifactorial aspects influencing recovery. We reviewed 1498 pediatric burn cases from January 2015 to December 2020. The mean age of patients was 5.8 years, with a slight male predominance (54%). Scalds (45%), flame burns (30%), and contact burns (15%) were the most common burn types. Our findings indicate significant differences in burn severity based on TBSA, with 32.5% of cases having TBSA greater than 20%. Multivariate logistic regression identified rural residence, male gender, flame burns, and lower socioeconomic status as significant predictors of severe burn outcomes. The overall mortality rate was 2.5%, with higher rates among patients with TBSA greater than 40%. These results highlight the need for targeted prevention strategies and improved access to specialized burn care. (4) Conclusions: Understanding these factors can inform targeted prevention strategies and improve treatment protocols.

Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) management is challenging, usually requiring multidisciplinary collaboration from cardiologists, infectious disease specialists, interventional cardiologists, and cardiovascular surgeons, as more than half of the cases will require surgical procedures. Therefore, it is essential for all healthcare providers involved in managing IE to understand the disease’s characteristics, potential complications, and treatment options. While systemic embolization is one of the most frequent complications of IE, the coronary localization of emboli causing acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is less common, with an incidence ranging from 1% to 10% of cases, but it has a much higher rate of morbidity and mortality. There are no guidelines for this type of AMI management in IE. Methods: This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge regarding septic coronary embolization in patients with IE. Additionally, this paper highlights the diagnosis and management challenges in such cases, particularly due to the lack of protocols or consensus in the field. Results: Data extracted from case reports indicate that septic coronary embolization often occurs within the first two weeks of the disease. The aortic valve is most commonly involved with vegetation, and the occluded vessel is frequently the left anterior descending artery. Broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy followed by targeted antibiotic therapy for infection control is essential, and surgical treatment offers promising results through surgical embolectomy, concomitant with valve replacement or aspiration thrombectomy, with or without subsequent stent insertion. Thrombolytics are to be avoided due to the increased risk of bleeding. Conclusions: All these aspects should constitute future lines of research, allowing the integration of all current knowledge from multidisciplinary team studies on larger patient cohorts and, subsequently, creating a consensus for assessing the risk and guiding the management of this potentially fatal complication.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is characterized by reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, rapid return to preoperative physical activity, and less psychological impact on the patient. During laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the intra-abdominal insufflation of carbon dioxide with secondary increase in intra-abdominal pressure can cause important hemodynamic consequences, like decreased cardiac output and blood pressure, as well as compensatory increase in heart rate. The purpose of this study is to evaluate changes in cardiovascular parameters during general anesthesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Retrospective data from 342 patients with cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis performed at Railway Hospital Galati, Romania, were reviewed. All patients received the same intraoperative anesthetics. Female patients were 85.7% (n = 293). More than half of the patients, 53.51% (n = 183), were 40–59 years old, and only 16.37% (n = 56) were under 40 years old. Patients with a normal body mass index (BMI) represented 45.6% (n = 156), 33.3% (n = 114) were underweight, and 12% (n = 42) had grade 1 obesity (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m²). The minimum intraoperative blood pressure correlated with patient gender (p 0.015 < 0.005), with men having a higher blood pressure than women (p 0.006 < 0.05), and for BMI, a higher BMI was associated with elevated blood pressure (p 0.025 < 0.05). Older age correlated with an increased maximum intraoperative blood pressure (p < 0.001 < 0.05) and with maximum intraoperative heart rate (p 0.015 < 0.05). Patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy experienced significant hemodynamic changes with pneumoperitoneum, but this type of surgical intervention was safe for patients regardless of their age.

Echinococcosis represents a major public health issue and continues to be endemic in various regions around the world. Hydatid cysts are commonly located in the liver (primary site), followed by the lungs (secondary site). However, they are also found in less typical organs such as the spleen, kidneys, peritoneum, retroperitoneum, pancreas, gallbladder, and various other organs, as well as in striate muscles. Hydatid cysts involving the psoas muscle are rare, and in the past five years, only a few articles have addressed this condition due to its low incidence. Symptoms can be quite vague, and serological testing might return negative, making imaging studies crucial for an accurate diagnosis. Treatment options involve surgery alongside antiparasitic agents. Despite having a low mortality rate, the recurrence of hydatid disease remains high. This paper aims to provide new clinical data through our case presentation, while also offering a review of the cases of hydatid cysts involving the psoas muscle that have been published over the past five years.

Background: Cardiac rhythm disorders in children and adolescents have a high incidence. In certain conditions, sudden death may occur. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective study including 199 patients divided into two subgroups: one subgroup of 80 practicing different sports and another one of 119 non-sportive, symptomatic patients. We studied all socio-demographic data, medical histories, and the elements revealed by the clinical and paraclinical examinations. Results: Only 39 (19.60%) participants did not practice any kind of sport; 46 participants had cases of sudden cardiac death in their families; 60.80% of children and adolescents were exposed to smoking; among the symptomatic group, symptoms like vertigo, chest pain, lipothymia, and palpitations predominated. Conclusions: A significant percentage of participants with heart rhythm disorders at risk for sudden death was identified. It is extremely important to identify and restrict them from intense physical exertion and to reassess them periodically in order to reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death.