In this study, we biosynthesized the stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Momordica cymbalaria leaves to evaluate their antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and photocatalytic properties. Initially, we screened the bioactive compounds from M. cymbalaria extract using GC-MS. The biosynthesis of Mc-AgNPs was confirmed using instruments, such as UV-visible spectroscopy FT-IR, XRD, SEM with EDX, and HR-TEM analyses. The UV-visible spectrum indicated absorbance at 425 nm. The crystallite size of the M. cymbalaria-stabilized nanoparticles was determined to be 20.14 nm. The morphology and size of the synthesized Mc-AgNPs were confirmed via SEM-EDX and HR-TEM analyses, with a size range from 16 to 22 nm. The synthesized Mc-AgNPs exhibited a photocatalytic yield of 60%. The biosynthesized Mc-AgNPs demonstrated strong antioxidant properties and prominent antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria. The cytotoxicity study revealed that Mc-AgNPs were effective against MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The recognized bioactivities confirm that the synthesized Mc-AgNPs act as effective catalysts in oxidation and serve as potent antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial agents.

The development of multifunctional nanostructured catalysts with high electrochemical activity and stability is crucial for sustainable technologies. Herein, we report the synthesis of CTAB-capped NiCo₂O₄ (CNC) spinel nanostructures via a facile co-precipitation method, engineered to enhance surface activity and charge transport. The optical and structural properties of the nanocomposite were confirmed by UV-Vis and TEM analysis, and the functional group present in the composite was confirmed by FT-IR study. The cubic spinel phase of the CNC was confirmed by XRD analysis. The band gap value was determined to be 2.15 eV, which confirmed the semiconductor nature of the nanocomposite. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency was achieved up to approximately 97% against malachite green. Additionally, CNC demonstrated excellent electrocatalytic performance in non-enzymatic glucose detection, exhibiting high sensitivity and reproducibility across a broad concentration range. Hence, the CNC acted as a potent oxidant for photoelectrochemical reactions.